70 LICHENES OF THE NORTHERN STATES 



2. U. Pennsylvanica, Hofftn. Th. coriaceous-membranaceous, pap- 

 ulose, dark-fuscous ; on the under side papillose-granulate and nigres- 

 cent ; apoth. elevated, orbiculate ; margin rather thin ; disk plane, but 

 becoming at length convex, chinky, and plicate. Hoffm. PI. Licit. 3, 

 J). 5, Sf t. G9, f. 1, 2. Lecidea, Ach. Meth. p. 86. Gyrophora, Acli. 

 Lichenogr. p. 227. Ach. Syn. p. 67. Hook, in Rich. App. Frcmkl. 

 Narr. p. 759. U. puslulata, Michx. ! Fl. 2, p. 322, non Hoffm. 



Kocks. Mountains of Pennsylvania, Muhl. New York, Halsey. 

 New England, common, and fertile. Canada, Michaux ! 



3. v. pustulata,Hofrm. Th. coriaceous, papulose, cinerascent; on 

 the under side smooth, and reticulate-lacunose ; apoth. appressed, or- 

 biculate-patellfflform, somewhat simple ; margin obtuse. Fr. Lichenogr. 

 p. 351. Hook..' Br. Fl. 2, p. 219. Gyrophora, Ach. — ^. papulosa, 

 Tuckerm. ; apoth. at length subpedicellate, irregularly proliferous-pap- 

 illate, excluding the margin. Gyrophora papulosa, Ach. Lich. Univ. 

 p. 226. Ach. Syn. p. 67. U. lavis, Pers. {ex Ach.). Gyroph. Imlla- 

 ta, Willd. herb. .' 



Rocks, a. New York, Halsey. — /S, Nova Scotia, 'used for dyeing 

 reds and browns'; Gov. Wentworth, 1795, Herb. Smith! New- 

 foundland, Bory in herb. Kunth ! New York, Torrey. Pennsylvania, 

 Muhl. ! New England, common and fertile, and ascending to alpine 

 districts, where it is often smaller, thicker, and glaucous-pruinose. /J 

 does not seem to afford any constant characters to distinguish it from 

 the European Lichen but the luxuriant development of the apotbecia. 

 In the var. papillata, Hampe ! a Cape of Good Hope Lichen, the apo- 

 tbecia are papillate, and perhaps also by a proliferous growth of the 

 patellceform apothecium ; but this variety, though in other respects re- 

 sembling ours, is distinct from it. The small, fruticulose tufts almost 

 characterizing this species in Europe, which I have also observed in 

 the Swedish U. vellea, are generally wanting in the American plant, 

 which is almost always normal and fertile. 



4. U. anihracina (SchsEr.), Fr. Th. coriaceous, not papulose, black ; 

 on the under side smooth and black-pruinose ; apotli. elevated, orbicu- 

 late-patellseform, simple ; margin tumid, disk somewhat plane and even. 

 Fr. Summ. Fl. Scand. U. atro-pruinosa, Scha:r. in Ser. Mus. {cit.Fr.). 

 Fr. Lichenogr. p. 351. Lecidea, Schxr. ! Spicil. 1, p. 104. Lichen 

 anihracinus, Wulf. — a ; th. smooth and even above. Schcer. I. c. Fr. 

 I. c. — /?. tessellata, Schser. ; th. above finely rimose-areolate or punc- 



