78 LICHENES OF THE NORTHERN STATES 



2. T. sligonella, Fr. Parasitical ; exciple cupular, innate, black ; 

 the disk plane, black-pulverulent, equalling the thin, erect, black mar- 

 gin. Calicium, Ach. Syn. Fr. Lichenogr- p. 401. Trachylia, Fr. 

 Summ. Fl. Scand. 



(Crust of Pertusaria pertusa, var. coccodes ; Fr.) Pennsylvania, 

 Muhl. New York, Torrey. 



XXI. CALICIUM, Pers., Fr. 



Apothecia crateriform ; a carbonaceous proper exciple margining a 

 compact or powdery disk, composed of coacervate, naked sporidia. 

 Thallus crustaceous. 



Escliweiler's (Lich. Bras. 1. c. p. 61) reference of the Calicia to 

 Fungi seems, so far as I can venture an opinion on his observations, 

 hardly satisfactory. The crustaceous thallus, though often, from va- 

 rious causes, deficient, exists normally in every species, except the 

 parasitical and doubtful C. turbinatum ; and the structure of the e.xci- 

 ple connects the genus, together with the related Trachylia and Coni- 

 ocybe, closely with Lecideaceee, quasi, to use Fries's expression, Le- 

 cidinarum degcneratio pnxcipitala. 



Sect. I. Apothecia stipitate. 



* Glaucescentia, Fr. Exciple more or less whitish-cinere- 



ous-pruinose. 



1. C. viride, Fers. Crust granulose, yellowish-green ; stipes some- 

 what elongated, black ; apothecia turbinate-lentiform, whitish-cinereous 

 beneath ; the disk plane. Fr. Lichenogr. p. 386. 



Decaying wood in mountain forests ; New England. 



2. C. lenticulare, Ach. Cr. somewhat tartareous, rugose-granulate, 

 grayish-white ; stipes straight, thick, rigid, black ; apoth. lentiform, 

 whitish-cinereous beneath ; the disk plano-convex. Fr. Lichenogr. p. 

 386. C. clavcllum, Turn. 4" Borr. Lich. Brit. p. 13S. C. clavicidare, 

 Ach. part. Icon, E. Bot. t. 1465. 



Decaying wood, common in mountain forests ; New England. New 

 York (C. claviculare), Halsey. Arctic America (C. clavic). Rich. 



3. C. curtum. Turn. & Borr. Cr. filmy, whitish; stipes short, thick, 

 firm, very black; apoth. turbinate-cylindrical, with a coarctate, whitish 

 margin ; the disk becoming at length protruded-prominent. Turn. ^- 



