AND BRITISH AMERICA. 87 



2. V. elceochroa, Tuckerm. Cr. applanate, rimose-areolate, oliva- 

 ceous ; perith. with a wide base, globose, emerging and conical at the 

 apex, becoming at length depressed and umbilicate. 



Rocks (limestone), Ohio, Mr. Lea ! Apparently related to V. elaei- 

 na, Borr. (E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2623, f. 2), and V. olivacea, Fr. (Lichen- 

 ogr. p. 43S), but very different from V. olivacea, Pers. (Borr. 1. c. t. 

 2596, f. 1), which is a bark-Lichen. 



3. V. nigrescens, Pers. Cr. somewhat gelatinous-tartareous, chinky, 

 fuscous-nigrescent, within white ; perith. entire, globose, covered by the 

 crust and verrucose-prominent, subpapillate ; nucleus whitish. Fr. Li- 

 chenogr. p. 43S. 



Eocks and stones (limestone). New England. New York, Halsey. 



4. V. umbrina, Wahl. Cr. verrucose-granulate, or sraoothish, from 

 fuscescent at length dark-brown ; perith. entire, globose, somewhat 

 prominent above the crust, papillate. Fr. Lichenogr. p. 441. 



Eocks and stones (granite), near water ; New England. We have 

 doubtless other sa.xicoline species, but they occur often in imperfect 

 states, and are easily overlooked. I have an alpine Verrucaria, with 

 large perithecia, from the White Mountains, but the crust is deficient. 



** Cortical a. Crust innate in the matrix, often deficient. 



5. V. nitida, Schrad. Cr. innate in the matrix, smooth, greenish, 

 olivaceous, or fuscous ; perith. entire, covered, becoming at length 

 somewhat prominent, persistent, ostioles subpapillate ; nucleus fluxile. 

 Fr. Lichenogr. p. 443. Borr. in E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2607, f. 1. 



Trunks ; the hue varying with the different epidermis of the matrix ; 

 New England. Pennsylvania, Muhl. V. composita, Schwein. in Hals. 

 Lich. N. Y. 1. c. p. 9, has apothecia clustered, forming dark spots, but 

 I have not been able to find in my specimens, which agree apparently 

 with the description, any constant characters to separate it from the 

 present. 



6. V. alha, Schrad. Cr. innate in the matrix, becoming at length 

 denudate, white ; perith. subglobose, entire, denudate, persistent, im- 

 mersed at the base, ostiole papillate, or pertuse. Fr. Lichenogr. p. 444. 

 — ^ ; cartilagineous, smoothish ; perith. smaller. Fr. I. c. V. glabra- 

 ta, Ach. 



Trunks. New England. Perithecia prominent. 



7. V. gemmata, Ach. Cr. innate in the matrix, effuse, smoothish, 



