AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 



SPECIES 1.— HEPIALUS HECTUS. Plate VIII., Fig. 1 and 2. 



45 



Hepialus Jodutia, Haworth, female, (but possibly not of Scbrank 

 and Ilubncr, whicb Boisdiival gives as a variety of H. Camus.) 

 Gazorijctra hecla, Hiibner, \eii. bek. Schm. 

 Chelonus hectus, Leacb, MSS. 



Synontmes.— /"/latoin (.Yoc/wa /lec/o), Linna?u8 ; Donovan, vol. 

 8, pi. -lli, ng. 3 ; Iliibncr, Bomb., fig. 208, 209. 



Hepialus hectus, Kabricius, Godait, Ilawoilb, Curtis, Stephens, 

 Boisduval ; Wood, Ind. Eut., pi. 5, fig. 5. 5. 



Noctua nemorosa, Esper. Var. 



This elegant species varies from I to 1 ', inch in the expansion of its fore wings, which in tlie males are of 

 a brightish orange colour, with three rows of interrupted golden spots, margined with dark lines (whence its 

 common name of tlie golden swift) running obliquely across the wing, and a small basal spot of the same 

 colour ; the middle fascia being most distinct but elbowed, and the spots of irregular size, and the third fascia 

 consisting of small marginal dots ; the hind wings dusky brown. The female has the fore wings dirty ashy 

 coloured, with the golden bars replaced by pale brown bars ; the first and second being obscurely forked towards 

 the front margin. The markings vary considerably in different individuals ; and in fine specimens of the male, 

 the hind wings are also spotted with golden colour. 



The males of this species are remarkable for having the posterior tibiae densely bearded with long hairs, and 

 wanting tarsi ; and it has been supposed that this structure most pmliably enables the individtials of that sex to 

 perform their very curious pendulum-like flight. This species is not very uncommon iu various parts of the 

 country, and appears in June. 



SPECIES 2 — HEPIALUS HUMULI. Plate VIII., Fig. 7, 8, 9. 



Synonymes. — Phalcena (Noctua) Ilumuli, hianxus; Donovan, l Hepialus Hmntili, F^hrk'ms; Stephens; Wood, Ind. Ent., pi. 5, 

 vol. 8, pi. 274, fig. 1,2; Harris, K.\position, pi. 4, fig. a — d. fig. 1 — 1. 



1 Gorgopis Humnli^ Hiibner, Vevz. bek. Scbmett. 



The sexes of this curious but most abundant species differ from each other more remarkably in colour than 

 almost any other species of British moths ; the males having the wings on the upper side of a clear pearly white, 

 while in the females the fore wings arc of a fine yellow colour, with orange markings. It varies from 1^ to 3 

 inches in the expansion of the fore wings, which in the males have a pale yellowish margin, and are dusky on 

 the under side, with broad orange margins. The hind wings in the female are dusky at base, but become 

 orange along the margin. 



This species is found about the middle of June frequenting grassy places, over which the male may often be 

 observed performing its singular pendulum flight ; and as this is frequently perceived in old churchyards, the 

 insect lias obtained the name of the ghost moth. Like the preceding species, it is the males alone which fly in 

 this curious manner ; and in this sex the hind tibiie are similarly furnished with a long brush of hairs, but the 

 tarsi ai-e not wanting. The caterpillar feeds on the roots of the common hop. 



SPECIES a— HEPIALUS LUPULIXUS. Plate VIII., Fig. 3, 4, 5. 



Sy.n-onvme3. — Phalana (JS'oclua Lupulina), Liunajus ; Harris, Hepialus A/igulum, lia.v:onh. Variety. 



pi. 22, fig. 1; Fabricius (Hepialus 1.); Stephens; Curtis; Wood, I Hepialus obliquus, Fnhridns, HivioTth. Variety. 

 Ind. Ent.. t. 5, fig. 4. 4 ; Boisduval. I Hepialus nebulosus, Haworth. Variety. 



Hepialus fuscus, Haworih. Variety. 



Bombijx Flina, Wien. Verz. ; Hiibner, Bomb., fig. 210, 211. 



Phalana hecta, Harris, pi. 22, fig. 1. 



Triodia Lupulina, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Sclimett. 



This common dull-coloured insect varies from an inch to an inch and a half in the expansion of its fore wings, 

 which are of a clav or fulvous colour in the males, with a longitudinal white line in the middle, towards 



