AND THEIR TRANSTORMATIONS. 



47 



SPECIES 6.— HEPIALUS SYLVINUS. Plate VIII., Fig. 12, 1.3. 



SvNONYMEs.— /-/mte/ia (Noclua) sylvina, Linna;u8; Harris, Ex- I/rpia/us Ln,mlm,is, HUbner Haworth 



position, pi. 4, fig. f. ; Harris, Aureli.-,,,, pi. 22, fig. 1,-m. Trio.lia Lujmlma, Hubner, v'erz. bck. Schu. 



Heptalus st/lvmus, Ochseahmucr ; Stephens; Curtis, Brit. Ent., A'<»c/««/i,w, Kspcr Var 



pi. 185 ; Wood, In.l. Ent., Ub. .5, fig. G. U.-pialus Ilamma. Scbrauk, Iliibner. (Variety.) 



This pretty species varies from one to nearly two inches in the expansion of the fore wings, which, from 

 the rich fulvous or orange colour in the males, luive caused tlie species to be named the Orange Swift ; 

 whereas they have a cinnamon-coloured groimd in the females. There is an irregular and broad pale spot, 

 margined with whitish, running from the base to the middle of the hinder margin of the fore wings in both 

 sexes, uniting with an oblique irregular whiti-sh bar, which>uns nearly to the tip of the wing, having its interior 

 dusky, and near the ape.x being forked. The disc has also a dark patch ,nargincd with white, and various 

 darker clouds ; and the fore margin is spotted with brown, margined with whitish ; the base of the fringe is 

 marked with an indented brown line. The hind wings arc dark and unspotted. All the markings, as well 

 as the ground colour of the wings, are liable to considerable variations. The species is moreover distinguished 

 at once from all its congeners, by having its antennje furnished with a single row of short furcations in the 

 males, and serrated in the females. 



This insect is of common occurrence in various parts of England, being found near London, Hertford, Birch 

 "Wood, Kent, near York, the Isle of AVight, &c. It appears at the end of the summer, and frequents grassy 

 lanes and weedy banks. 



DESCRIPTION OF PLATE IX. 



Insects. — Fig. 1. Cossus Ligniperda. 2. The Caterpillar. 3. Tlie Chrysalis. 

 " Fig. 4. Zenz-era j^Esculi. 5. The Female. G. The Caterpillar. 



" Fig. 7. Zcuzcra Arundinis. 8. The he.ad of the Female. 



Plants. — Fig. 9. Salix arcnaria (the downy lloiintain Willow). 



The Cossus and the female Z. .^sculi are from fine specimens at the British Museum. The male Z. yEsculi is from a specimeu taken in 

 Torrington Square, now in the possession of Mr. White. Z. Arundiuis is from Iliibuer's accurate figure ; the female differs so slightly, that 1 

 have thought it sufficient to give the head (No. 8) to show the dili'cience of the antenna:. 



The larva of C. Ligniperda is diawTi from nature ; that of Z. j'EscuU from Hiibner. H. N. II. 



COSSUS, Fabricius. 



This genus is at once distinguished from the former by its large unwieldy size, and longer antenna ; and from the 

 following, by having these organs furnished with a single scries of pectinations, extending to the tip in the males, 

 and serrated in the females, without a coating of down at the base. The body is squamose, and not woolly. 

 The wings at rest are deflexed at the sides (like a roof). The palpi are distinct, and extend upwards, to the height 

 of half the eyes ; the hind wings arc considerably smaller than the fore ones, and the veins are more regularly 

 arranged than in either the preceding or following genus. The larva is a fleshy grub of large size and immense 

 muscular power, with the back rather depressed, each segment having a scaly dorsal plate ; from the singular 

 scent which it emits in this state, it has received the name of the Goat-moth. 



There are four European species of this genus. We hovv'ever possess, in tliis country, only the following. 



