AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 49 



ZEUZERA, Latreille. 



This genus is at once distinguished by the antenna; of the males, which have a double series of pectinations 

 extending only half the length of the antenna) ; whilst in the females they are simple, and with the base woollv. 

 The body is also woolly, and the wings more elongated than in Cossus. The palpi are very small, and the 

 spiral tongue is almost obsolete. The veins of the wings offer a singular mode of distribution, the discoidal cell 

 being divided into several areas, and terminated by several angulated veins. The caterpillar (in the tjTjical 

 species) has the body spotted. It feeds, like that of the goat moth, in the interior of trees, and like it forms a 

 cocoon of chips of wood agglutinated together. 



SPECIES 1.— ZEUZERA iESCULI. Plate IX., Fig. 4, 6, 6. 

 SYNONYME8.— PAatena {Nocttia) /Esculi, I.innajus ; Harris, f. 8 ; Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 722 ; Duncan, Brit. Motlis pi. 15 fig 



Exposition, pi. 11, fig. 3, 4; Donovan, vol. 5, pi. 1.52. 



Zeuzera yEsculi, htiVieiWe \ Stephens; Wood, Ind. Ent., t. 5, 



I, 2 ; Weslwood, Ent. Text Booli, pi. 5, fig. ,3. 



I'halama Nnciua pyr'ina, Linnaus, P.S. ; Hawortli. 



This beautiful insect, which from its markings has obtained the name of the wood leopard, varies from rather 

 more than two to nearly three inches in the expansion of the fore wings, which are of a snowy-white colour 

 semitransparent, and marked with a great number of shining blue-black spots, which are more distinct in the 

 females than in the males ; the hind wings are similarly coloured, but the spots are less distinct ; the veins of 

 the wings are of yellowish ochre. The thorax white, with six large black spots ; the abdomen banded with 

 blue-black. The caterpillar is pale ochre-yellow, with a large scaly black patch on the segment following the 

 head ; each of the other segments is marked with a number of shining black spots, from each of which issues a 

 short hair ; the anal segment has also a dark patch above. It feeds on the wood of the elm, pear, apple, lime, 

 horse chesnut, walnut, ash, beech, birch, hazel, &c., burrowing into it in the same manner as the caterpillar of the 

 goat moth, to which indeed it is very similar in its habits. It is found in numerous parts of the country at the 

 beginning of July, although nowhere abundant. In St. James's and Hyde Parks it is not uncommon in certain 

 seasons, but it must be sought for early in the morning, as the sparrows consider the body as great a treat as 

 the old Romans deemed the Cossi ; their ravenous propensities being often indicated by the wings of the 

 moth found at the bottom of the stems of the trees in which the moth had been reared. Many particulars 

 relative to the habits of this insect will be found in Loudon's Arboretum Britannicum, p. 887, and in KoUar's 

 treatise above referred to. 



SPECIES 2.— ZEUZERA ARUNDINIS. Plate VIII., Fig. 7, 8. 



SvNnNVMEs..— JSo7H.';y,r AruniUnis, Hiibner, Bomb. t. 4", f. 200, [ A.) ; Stephens in Entomologist, p. 160. 

 201 ; Ochsenhcimer, vol. 3, p. 98 (Cossus A.) ; Boisduval (Zeuzera I Bombyx Castanets, Hiibner, Beitrage, Esper, ErnJt. 



This species differs from the preceding not only in its small size, being only 1 \ inches in exjianse, but also in 

 having its fore wings of a dull uniform yellowish or ochreous-grey colour, somewhat like that of dry rushes, 

 upon which plant the larva (which is figured by Boisduval in the " Collection Iconographique des Chenilles 

 d'Europe ") feeds. The fore wings in fine specimens have a few small dots or slight markings of a brownish 



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