AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 55 



(sometimes united by a longitudinal mark), and often with a dull irrocrular waved streak ; the hind wino-s fawn- 

 coloured. The female lias the wings didl fulvous chesnut, with two straw-coloured stripes forming a bar across 

 the fore wings. It is, however, very inconsistent in its markings. The thorax is yellowish, and the abdomen 

 clay-coloured in the male. 



The larva of this species feeds on low plants, such as Artemisia maritima, riantago lanceolata, and Daucus 

 carota, on the sea-coast ; hence termed the ground lacquey. It is of a leaden colour, the back black, with red 

 streaks and red lines at the sides ; the hairs yellow chesnut. Tiie moth appears at tlie end of July and through 

 August ; but it is very rare, occurring on the coasts of Essex, Kent, Devonshire, the Isle of Sheppey, &c. 



SPECIES 2.— CLISIOCAMPA NEUSTKIA. Plate X., Fig. 11 and 12. 



Synonymes. — Ph. {H.) Neustria, Limiajiis ; Donovan, vol. .'i, 

 pi. 95 ; Albin, pi. 19, fig. 27, e— 1 ; Wilkes, pi. 4.') ; Harris, Aiirc- 

 lian, pi. 17, fig. a — f. 



Clisiocampa yeustria, Curtis ; Stephens ; Wood, Ind. Rnt., pi. 

 li, fig. 50 and 50. 



This very common and destructive species measures 1} to li inch in the expansion of its fore wings. It is 

 very similar to the preceding both in size and shape, but the thorax is fawn-coloured, not yellowish ; the wings more 

 rusty fox-coloured, with two pale oblique stripes inclosing a darker coloured bar, the fringe spotted with yellow. 

 The female, instead of being darker than the male as in the preceding, is lighter, with a similar but darker bar 

 across the wings. The colours and markings, however, are very variable. The caterpillars are of a grey leaden 

 colour, with three red lines on each side, and a white dorsal line. It is found in June, and in this state is 

 one of the greatest pests our fruit-trees labour under, as they are sometimes quite defoliated by these voracious 

 caterpillars, and covered over with their noisome webs. The eggs are hatched shortly after the leaves burst 

 forth ; and the caterpillars do not separate but live in one society, forming for themselves a common web, 

 which they enlarge from time to time as they find necessary to accommodate their increasing sizes, communi- 

 cating at length to the almost defoliated tree a very sickly and disagreeable appearance. The best way to 

 destroy them is to shake the branches violently, either with the hand or a pole with a hook to it ; this brings 

 them quickly to the ground, when they are easilj- destroyed. Poultry will feed on them with avidity (Haworth). 

 The moth appears in July and August, and flies with great rapidity. 



TRICHIURA, Stephens. DIAPHONE. pars, Hubxer. 



This group is distinguished by its- short straight antenna, its tail somewhat bifid in the males, and clothed 

 with a dense mass of wool in the females, (whence the generic name, derived from the Greek,) its fore wings 

 short and opaque, and its hind ones rounded and entire ; but it is in the preparatory states that it chiefly differs 

 from several of the preceding groups, the eggs being deposited in rows on the trunks of trees, and coated with 

 wool, stripped by the female from the extremity of her own body. The larvre are for a short time gregarious, 

 but do not form a common nest, and the cocoon is regularly egg-shaped and hard. 



