AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 93 



the female wliite ; the fore wings in both sexes with a few (generally six, seven, or eight) black spots, which are, 

 however, occasionally obsolete. The hind wings also vary in the number of black spots. 



The caterpillar feeds upon aquatic plants in the autumn. It is of an ashy colour and hairy, and the moth 

 appears in marshy places in May following ; but it is a rare species, although widely distributed throughout 

 the country. * 



DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XIX. 



Insects. — Fig. I. Phragmatobia fuliginosa (the ruby Tiger-motli). 2. The Caterpillar. 

 ** Fig, 3. Pcnthoplicra nigricans. 4. The Caterpillar. 



" Fig. 5. Arctiacaja (the garden Tiger-moth) a female. 6. The Caterpillar. 7. A pale variety, a male. 8. A dark ami singular 



variety, a female. 

 " Fig. 9. Arctia villica (the cream-spnt Tiger-moth). 10. The Caterpillar. 



" Fig. 11. Euthemonia russula (the clouded buff) male. 12. The female. 13. The Caterpillar. 



" Fig. 14. Nemcophila I'lantaginis (the small Tiger-moth). 15. The Caterpillar. 



" Fig. IG. Heraclia Dominula (the scarlet Tiger-moth). 17. The Caterpillar. 



*' Fig. 20. Cillimorpba .lacobica: (the pink underwing moth). 21. The Caterpillar. 



" Fig. 22. MiltochryeUv miniata (the red arches). 



Plants. — Fig. 23. Primula veris (the Cowslip). 



" 24. Plantago major (common Plantain). 



** 25. Scabiosa arvensis (tlie meadow Scabious). 



** 26. Scnccio vulgaris (common Groundsel). 



" 27. Cynoglossum officinale (commou Ilouudstonguc). The white flower without a number is Cerastium arvense (field 



chickwced). 

 Figs. 1, 9, 11, 12, 14, IG, 20, arc from specimens furnished by Mr. 11. Douldcday. Fig. 8 is a very singular variety of A. cija, in the 

 British Museum ; and 7, another singular variety of this species, is from a ^drawing furnished to Mr. Westwood by Mr. T. Reeves, Jun., of 

 a variety found near Carlisle. The female of N. Plantaginis differs from the male but .slightly, piincipally in having the innermost dark 

 stripes of the hind wings cont'.nued to the interior margin of tlie wings, giving the insect a somewhat blacker appearance ; but I have not 

 thought it worth while to figure the female for so slight a difference. Fig. 3, P. nigricans, is from Mr. Curtis's fig., and the caterpillars arw 

 from llUbner, with the exception of those of A. c.nja, A. villica, and C. Jacob:ca>, which are from nature. H. N. H. 



PHRAGMATOBIA *, Stephens. (ARCTIA, Hubnee, Boisduval.) 



This genus has the abdomen also spotted, but the spots are arranged in only three rows ; the spiral tongue 

 is short, but the palpi are scarcely distinct and pilose. The wings are subdiaphanous ; the antennas short, and 

 nearly simple in both sexes, which likewise do not materially differ from each other in colour. The caterpillar 

 is very hairy. 



SPECIES 1.— PHRAGMATOBIA FULIGINOSA. Plate XIX, Fig. I, 2. 



SvNoNYMEs. — Phalana {JVoclua) fuliginosa, l.iniiceus; Wilkes, 23, pi. 49 ; Harris, Aurelian, pi. 27, fig. i — m ; Donovan, vol. 3, pi. SO ; 



Wood, Ind. Ent. pi. 7, fig. 72 ; Duncan Brit. Motiis, pi. 20, fig. 3. 



This pretty species varies from rather less than an inch to an inch and a half iu the expanse of the fore wings, 



which are red brown, with a black spot or two at the apex of the discoiJal cell ; the hind wings purplish red, 



with a broad dusky margin, and several blackish spots on the disc ; the fringe red, as well as the abdomen, 



which has three rows of black dots. The spots of the wings are, however, occasionally obsolete, and the hind 



wings with only the inner margin red, the remainder being dusky. Harris (Exposition of Engl. Ins., tab. ?!, 



fig. 7) and Stephens mention a variety which tliey think may possibly be distinct, varying in the form of tlie 



wings as well as in the larvro — which are either dusky red with the head black, or slate-colour with the head 



copper-coloured. They feed upon various weeds in June, and the moth appears in the followii^g month. 



* Derived from the Greek, and alluding to the larva-, which live iipaii plantj in htiiges. 



