AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 207 



SPECIES 1.— COSMIA PYRALINA, Plate XLIV., Fig. 8, 9. 



Synonymes.— iVoc/wa p;/)-fl/;na, Wicn. Vcrz. ; Ilubner ; Ti-eitscl.kc ; Duijonchel ; Hawortli ; Ilatchett, in Trans. <>f old Ent. Soc, 

 vol. I , pi. 9, fig. 1 ; Wood, Ind. Ent. pi 14, fig. 342. Noctiia corusca, HUbner. 



This species measures rather more than 1 1 inch in tlie expanse of the fore wings, which are of a rich purplish 

 chesnut colour with brown waves. The costa being marked towards tlie apex with a pale sublunate mark ; 

 this extends in a darker tint, and very much angulated, to the inner margin of the wing. Across the middle of 

 tlie wing runs a much waved dark striga ; tiio ordinary stigmata being obsolete. The apical margin of the 

 wing is clouded with bro^vvn patches. The hind wings are pale reddish-brown, with a rather darker subapical 

 fimbria. The caterpillar is green, with white lines and dots on the back. The perfect insect appears in July, 

 and is of rare occurrence in this country. Birch "Wood, Epping, Barham. 



SPECIES 2.— COSMIA DIFFINIS. Plate XLIV., Fig. 10, 11. 



Synonvmes — Plial. Noctua diffitiis, Linn.TUs ; Kaliiiciua ; Iliibnei-; Hawoitb ; Hanis, Expos. Engl. Ins. pi. 5, fig. 8. 



Stephens ; Wood, Ind. Ent. pi. 14, fig. 340. 



This species measures about 1^ inch ia the expanse of the fore wngs, which are of a rich purplish-red 

 colour, but paler along the apical margin ; towards the base of tlie wing is a short and slender, white, transverse 

 striga, arising from the costa ; a second slender, jialo brovvn, straight striga running obliquely across the wing, 

 rather before the middle, arising from a white, costal, curved patch ; a similar but larger patch is placed half 

 way towards the apex of the wing, from the outer posterior angle of which runs a third striga, similar to the 

 preceding, but parallel with the apical margin of the wing ; near the ajiex of the costa is another less distinct, 

 curved, pale line, which extends to the anal angle, forming a fourth striga ; the ordinary stigmata are obliterated ; 

 the hind wings are brown ; the caterpillar is green, with white lines and dots. It feeds on the elm, and the 

 moth appears at the middle of August, being chiefly found on the trunks of trees. It is a rather common and 

 widely-dispersed species. 



SPECIES 3.— COSMIA AFFINIS. Plate XLIV., Fig. 12. 



Synonvmes. — Phaltena Nocttia a£inis, LinuKus; Hubncr; llawortli ; Albin, pi. 31, fig. 49, t" — i; Stephens ; Wood, pi. 15, fig. 341. 

 This species is smaller than the preceding, measuring about 13 lines in the expanse of the fore wings, which 

 are of a reddish-brown colour, the centre of the wing having a redder hue, but varying considerably in the depth 

 of their tint, as well as in the intensity of their markings, which are very similar to those of C. diffinis, except 

 that the white costal marks are replaced by slender short flexuous pale lines. The characteristic portion of the 

 wing is also marked with slight indications of the two ordinary stigmata. Close to the apex of the wing are two 

 minute black dots. The hind wings are dark brown, with the base rather paler ; and the cilia pale and dirty 

 white. Tlie caterpillar is greenish white, with darker lines and small dark tubercles, and a black curved line 

 over each of the spiracles. It feeds on the elm ; and the moth, which is a common species, appears at the end 

 of July. 



SPECIES 4.— COSMIA TRAPEZINA. Plate XLIV, Fig. 13. 



Synonvmes — Phalcetia Noctua trapezina, hmnv^us ; Hiibncr; Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, Ind. Ent. pi. 15, fig. 343. Harris, .\iirelian, 



pi. 10, fig. 71 — r. Phalcena r/iombica, Hnfnaglc. 



This species measures from 1^ to nearly 1^ inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are of a pale buiF 

 colour, varying to a pale reddish brown. The characteristic portion of the wing is large, and richer-tinted than 

 the remainder, and bounded towards the base by a nearly straight slender bro^vn line, edged with a pale bufF 

 line. This part of the wing bears slight rudiments of the stigmata ; the anterior being indicated by a small 

 dark dot, and the outer one by two placed transversely and edged with pale margins. They are followed by a 



