10 



BRITISH MOTHS 



eighth and eleventh segments often bearing a pair of tubercles tipped with black or brown. It feeds on the elm, 

 oak, &c., at the beginning of September, and the moth appears in June, frequenting woods in various parts of 



the kingdom. 



^Synonymes. — Phalcena Geom. betularia, hiuTiscMS ; A\hin,^\. 40. I Wilkes, pi. 77; Harris, Aurelian, pi. 18, fig. a — f; Haworth ; 

 fig. 64^ a— d, pi. 41, fig. 66, and pi. 91, fig. a— d, pi. 92, fig. a— d ; | Donovan, 7, pi. 237 ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 468. 



Geometra Ulmaria, Borkhausen. 



Species 3. — Biston hirtarius." — (Plate LIX., Figs. 14, 15.) — This species measures from li to nearly 2 

 inches in the expanse of the fore wings, which are of a dark luteous gray, or brown colour, thickly irrorated 

 with fine dusky atoms, and three or four dark strigse, which are more or less conspicuous, and generally 

 equidistant, but sometimes more or less confluent on the hind margin ; of these, one beyond the middle is the 

 broadest and most curved ; the hind wings are similarly coloured, having generally three nearly obsolete, dusky, 

 equidistant, slender strigse. The female differs, in having the wings less thickly clothed with scales, which 

 renders them more transparent, and the fascias less distinct ; the antennae in the males are not quite feathered to 

 the tips. The caterpillars vary considerably in colour, being generally of a greenish brown, with grayish 

 markings and pale stripes, and with numerous small tubercles ; they feed on various fruit-trees, as well as on 

 privet, lime, and elm, and undergo the change to the chrysalis state about the beginning of July; and the moths 

 appear in the following April. It is a very common species. 



« Synonymes. — PhaliBna Geometra hirtariaj Linnaeus ; Hiibner ; 

 Haworth ; Albin, pi. 39, fig. 62, a — d ; "Wilkes, pi. 70 ; Hanis, 

 Aurelian, pi. 9, fig. a — f ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 469. 



Geometra congeneraria^ Hiibner ; Haworth (variety). 

 Geometra contiguaria, Borkhausen. 

 Geometra fumaria, Haworth (variety). 



DESCRIPTION OF PLATE LIX. 



Insects, — Fig. 1. Himera peunaria (the October moth). 2. The 



Caterpillar. 

 „ Fig. 3. Crocallis elinguaria (the scolloped oak). 4. The 



Caterpillar. 

 „ Fig. 5. Odontopera bidentata (the scalloped hazel). 6. 



The Caterpillar. 

 ,, Fig. 7. Geometra Tiltaria (the canary-shouldered thorn). 



8. The Caterpillar. 

 „ Fig. 9. Geometra erosaria (the September thorn). 10. 



The Caterpillar. 

 „ Fig. 11. Geometra angularia (the clouded August thorn). 



12. The Caterpillar. 

 „ Fig. 13. Geometra illunaria (the early thorn). 14. The 



Caterpillar. 

 „ Fig. 15, Geometra lunarta (the lunar thorn). 16. The 



Caterpillar. 

 ,, Fig. 17. Geometra delunaria. 



„ Fig. 18. Geometra illustraria (the purple thorn). 



,, Fig. 19. Geometra sublunaria, a variety of illustraria. 

 ,, Fig. 20. Geometra fuscantaria. 

 ., Fig. 21. Pericallia Syringaria (the lilac beauty). Caterpillar 



and Chrysalis without number in Plate 60. 

 ,, Fig. 22. Angerona prunaria (the orange moth). 23. The 



female. 24. A variety of the female. 25, 

 The Caterpillar. 

 Insects. — Fig. 26, Rumia cratsegata (the brimstone moth). 27. The 

 Caterpillar. 28. A variety of the Caterpillar. 

 ,, Fig. 29. Ourapterynsambucaria (sfhe swallow-tailed moth). 

 30, The Caterpillar. 31. The Cocoon, mis- 

 numbered as 13, 

 ,, Fig. 32. Campaea margaritaria (the light emerald), 

 ,, Fig, 33. EUopia fasciaria (the barred red). 

 The whole of the insects figured in this plate, with the exception of 

 Cratsegata, Prunaria, and Sambucaria, from Mr. H. Doubleday, are from 

 the cabinet of Mr. Bentley. 



Geometra angularia is from a female specimen, as that sex exhibits 

 more strongly the angulated irregularity of the edge of the wings. Its 

 varieties, Quercinaria, Quercaria, &c., &c., I have not thought suffi- 

 ciently characteristic to require a figure. Nor have I thought it neces- 

 sary to figure the small variety of Illunaria, called Juliaria, I selected 

 the bordered variety of A. Prunaria as that most commonly taken ; 

 but Mr, E. Doubleday assures me that it is unusual in some places, 

 and on the Continent (in some parts) extremely rare. The female 

 variety without any markings, is from a specimen taken by myself at 

 Birch "Wood. 



All the caterpillars are from Huboer. H. N. H. 



HIMERA, DupoNCHEL. METRA, Stephens' Cat. 

 The antennse of the males are very strongly bipectinated ; the palpi villose and shorter than the clypens, 

 the thorax moderately robust, and very densely clothed with long hairs ; the wings are slightly notched, and 

 marked with a central broad bar, inclosing a discoidal spot ; the female is winged, but generally smaller than 



