AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 13 



Species 4. — Geometra angularia^. — (Plate LIX., Fig. 11, 12.) — This species measures from 1^ to 

 l^- inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are fulvous ; the middle of the wing in the males with a broad 

 paler bar, curved towards the costa, and edged with a dark line on each side, the second of which is followed by 

 a dark brown fascia gradually shaded o£f ; the hind wings with a slender striga before the middle ; the female 

 has the wings more uniformly coloured, and much freckled with brown and with the strigae of the male. This is 

 a variable species, but Lepidopterists are divided in their opinion as to whether the two following insects are distinct 

 species or merely varieties ; Duponchel, followed by Curtis, giving them as varieties, and Stephens as distinct. 



Geometra Quercaria, Hiibner, Stephens, Boisduval, Wood, fig. 478 bis, which differs from the type in 

 not having the base and fascia beyond the second striga dark brown. Mr. Stephens describes the sexes as 

 perfectly resembling each other ; but Wood's two figures are quite unlike each other, both in form and colour, 

 the female differing, as is the case in other allied species, in having the teeth of the wings more developed. 

 Fonnd near London, but rare. 



Geometra carpixiaria, Hiibner, Stephens, Wood, fig. 480 (G. angularia, var., Boisduval), has the wings 

 pale fulvous, with two slight transverse strigiB, the second of which extends across the liind wings, and is 

 followed by a dark shade ; the hind wings are brownish. Near London, but rare. 



The caterpillar is red-brown, with a luteous-coloured head and grayish beneath, with black spots and 

 tubercles tipped with white ; it feeds on lime, oak, and other trees, and the moth appears in August and 

 September, and is very common. 



I Synokymes. — Geometra angularia, "Wieji. Vera.: Hubner; Esper ; Treitsclike ; Duponchel; Boisduval; Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 667; 



Stephens ; '\\'ood, 6g. 478 bis. 



Species 5. — Geometra fuscantaria'' — (Plate LIX., Fig. 20) — measures 1-J- inch in the expanse of the 

 fore wings, which are straightly truncate at the tips, and of a fulvous ashy tint, with two strigae, beyond which 

 the wing is dusky ; the hind wings in the males are brown from the base to the middle, and fulvous at the 

 extremity ; those of the females are entirely brown. This is an uncommon species. Near London, Cambridge- 

 shire, and Stourton Caundle. 



^ Synonymes. — Geometra fuscantaria, Haworlh, Prod. ; Stephens ; Curtis ; Wood, fig. 485. 

 Geometra carpiniariay Haworth, Lep. Brit. 



SECTION II. — Versal and yEstivai, Species. Wings much dentated ; pectination's of antennj; short. 



Species 6. — Geometra illunaria'. — (Plate LIX., Figs. 13, 14.) — This species measures between 1| and 

 li inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are very much irrorated, and of a reddish ashy colour, with 

 three nearly equidistant, reddish-brown strigae towards the middle of the fore wings, the first incurved before the 

 middle of the wing, the second broad, central, and extending across the hind wings, on which, towards the costa, 

 there is a whitish limule, almost obsolete ; the third striga is more oblique, and placed beyond the middle 

 of the wing ; the apex itself red-brown ; the hind wings, with a lunule in the striga, almost obliterated. The 

 female resembles the male, but is rather darker-coloured. Very variable. The caterpillar is gray at the sides of 

 the body, with the back and sides of the terminal segments reddish-brown, and marked irregularly with black, 

 the eighth and ninth segments armed with acute dorsal tubercles ; in young specimens the brown is much more 

 brilliant. It feeds on oak, willow, &c., and the moth appears in March and April. 



Geometra juliaria, Haworth, Stephens, Curtis, Wood, fig. 482, is now proved to be the summer brood of 



the preceding species. (See E. Doubleday, in Ent. Mag., t. 3, p. 287). It i.s, however, generally considerably 



smaller than the spring brood. 



' Synonymes. — Geometra illunaria, Wien. Verz.; Hiibner; Geometra iinilunaria, EsfCT. 



Trcitschke ; Duponchel; Boisdural ; Stephens; Wood, 6g. 481. ' Phalara Geom. Uilularia, Donovan, 3, pi. 82 .» Wilkes, fig. 81. 



Geometra bilt/naria. Esper. 



