AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 25 



strigse entirely obsolete. The caterpillar is reddish above, with a pale line on the sides, and a white mark on 

 each segment. It feeds on birch ; and the moth, which is very common, appears in May, June, and August. 



* SvNoNYMEs. — Phalana exanthemata, Scopoli, Esper ; Stephens ; 

 Wood, fig. 526. 



Geometra striaria, Hubner ; Haworth ; Albin, pi. 92, fig. e-h ; 



99, fig. a-d. 



Geometra arenosaria, Haworth (variety). 

 Geometra approximaria, Haworth (variety). 



EPHYRA, DupoNCHEL. 

 The species of this genus are very delicate in their general structure : the males have the antennae bipectinated 

 to some distance from the tip ; the palpi are rather porrected, slender, and with the terminal joint long. The 

 fore-wings are elongate-trigonate, and with the tips slightly hooked ; the disc generally marked with a small 

 white dot ; the hind wings often angulated in the middle ; the hind tlbicB in the males have two, and those of the 

 females four spurs. The caterpillars are long slender loopers, with the head depressed, and the body lineated. 

 The chrysalides are of a curious form, being broad and truncated in front. This I find to be produced by the 

 dilatation of the case of the wings and prothorax, which forms a kind of truncated hood over the head-case. They 

 are attached by a thread at the tail, and girthed across the body, like those of the family of white butterflies. 



Species 1. — Ephyra omicronaria ''. — (Plate LXI., Fig. 17.) — This pretty species measures about 1 inch 

 in expanse. The wings are very pale yellowish-buflF with blackish markings, a slender deeply scalloped streak 

 near the base is followed by a large circular 0-like mark, and beyond this a brown striga, followed by another 

 deeply dentated ; a narrow dusky subapical cloud, and a row of marginal dark dots. These strig» and marks 

 vary in intensity. The caterpillar is green, and slightly mottled : it feeds on the maple ; and the moth, which is 

 common in woods, appears at the beginning of June, and again in August. 



y Synonvme. — Gfomc<ra omicrOJiarJa, Wien. Verz; Hiibner; Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 427. 



Phalana annularia, Fabricius. 



Species 2. — Ephyra pendularia^. — ^(Plate LXI., Figs. 18, 19, 24, 25.) — This delicate insect measures 

 about 1 inch in expanse, and has the wings hoary white, with slight flesh-coloured freckles ; two strigse formed 

 of brown or chocolate dots, one before and the other beyond the middle of the wings, which are marked with a 

 ring of the same colour, which in some specimens joins a fascia of a purplish brown, also with a subapical dusky 

 striga. The caterpillar is green, with a red head, and yellow lines on the sides, and some white patches on the 

 back ; it feeds on the birch and alder ; and the moth appears at the beginning of June and in August ; and is 

 common in woods. 



Phattsna circtilaria, Fabricius (variety). 

 Phaltjena albipunctata^ Hufnagle. 



' SvNoNVMEs. — Phalana Geometra pendularia, Linnaus ; Hiib- 

 ner; Haworth ; Godart; Stephens; Wood, fig. 528; Albin, pi. 49, 

 fig. 82, fig. a — d ; Willies, pi. 74, fig. sup. 



Species 3. — Ephyra orbicularia\ — (Plate LXI., Fig. 20.) — This species measures about 1 inch in 

 expanse, and has the wings ashy brown and much freckled, with minute brown lines, with a small purple ring in 

 the centre of each, surrounding a white dot, beyond which is a row of dark dots forming an indistinct somewhat 

 dentated striga, the base of the wings also often with a similar but smaller series ; the apical margin and also 

 the centre of the wings occasionally with a brown or purplish fascia ; the apical margin dotted with black. Found 

 in woods in the South of England, but rare. Ols. — Wood's figure represents the hind wings rounded along 

 the margin. 



• SvNONYME. — Geometra orhicularia, Hiibner; Haworth; Stephens; Godart; Wood, fig. S29. 



Species 4. — Ephyra porata'\ — (Plate LXI., Fig. 21.) — This species measures about 1 inch in expanse, 

 and has the wings of a pale yellowish-bufF colour, much freckled with reddish and brown atoms, the base of the 



