AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 53 



Species 4. — Charissa serotinaria ". — (Plate LXVII., Fig. 10.) — Measures!^ inch in expanse; wings 

 whitish-buflF, or yellowish, irrorated with brown atoms ; fore wings with an incurved and waved dark slender 

 striga towards the base ; all the wings with a black ring-like mark in the middle, followed by a slender dentated 

 striga, running across all the wings ; apical margin clouded, and bearing a whitish striga and a marginal row of y"- " 

 black dots. Very rare ; found in Sussex. 



" SvNoNYME. — Geometra serotinaria, Hiibner ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 629. 



Species 5. — Charissa operaria°. — (Plate LXVII., Fig. II.) — Measures about I^ inch in expanse; dull grey, 

 varied and tinged with pale ochre, glossy ; " fore wings irregularly varied with white scales ; an obscure transverse 

 curved fascia towards the base, anotlier be3'ond the middle, parallel to the posterior margin, sinuated, and a pale 

 indented one near to the same margin ;" a black spot in the middle of the wing, towards the costa, and the 

 apical margin with minute black spots ; hind wings with a sinuated obscure fascia near the centre, preceded by a ", 7* 

 black dot, and with a subniarginal pale striga. Taken in the Islands of Arran and Bute, and at Flisk, in ' 

 Scotland, about the end of July. 



" Synonyme. — Geometra operaria, Hubner; Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 105 ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 630. 



PACHYCNEMIA, Stephens ; Curtis. STHANELIA, Boisduval. 

 This genus differs from those immediately preceding in having the wings elongate-ovate, and with the 

 apical margins entire ; the palpi are porrected into a short straight beak ; the antennas are slightly thickened 

 and serrated in the males, and simple in the females ; tlie abdomen is slender and rather long ; the posterior 

 tibiae are dilated, and furnished with a pencil of hairs. 



Species 1. — Pachycnemia hippocastanaria p. — (Plate LXVII., Fig. 12.) — Measures I^ inch in expanse ; 



fore wings reddish-gray, with a broad brown fascia across the middle, narrowed behind ; the outer edge much 



crenated and curved, and followed by a pale whitish edge ; a dark dot in the middle, tovvards the costa, and the 



veins partially brown ; hind wings pale ochreous-ash, with a dark spot in the middle, followed by a sinuated 



striga. Taken from March to September, on heaths in various parts of the country, especially in the New 



Forest, in July. 



P SvNONYMEs. — G«ome<ra hippocastanaria, Hubner; Curtis,! /•Aa/<En« (?) anoma/a^o, Haworth, in Ent. Trans. O. S. 

 Brit. Ent. pi. 611 ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 631. | Geometra degenerata, Hubner. 



CHESIAS, Treitschke ; Stephens ; Boisduval. 

 The palpi are long, porrected into a beak, and very scaly ; the antennas simple in both sexes ; the joints in 

 the males being very slightly produced ; the abdomen long, and rather stout ; the tibiae in all the feet slender ; 

 the wings long, glossy, narrow^ and ovate -lanceolate, with entire margins ; when at rest, they are laid like the 

 roof of a house. The caterpillars are long, slender, naked, and not tubercular. 



Species 1.— Chesias spartiatai.— (Plate LXVII., Figs. 13, 14.)— Varies from lito 1^ inch in expanse ; 

 wings gray ; the fore ones variously clouded with brown, with a white streak extending from the base to the 

 tip, at a short distance from the costa ; three oval obliquely-transverse and nearly obsolete spots in the fore 

 wings ; the first large and placed on the costa, the second in the middle, and the third on the hinder margin, 

 nearer the base than the rest ; a dark striga, edged with whitish, runs nearly parallel to the apical margin ; hind 



