AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 109 



Species 1. — Tortrix viridana"* — (Plate LXXIX., Fig. 10) — Measures from 7 to 13 lines in expanse ; 

 fore wings green, with the costa sUghtly whitish ; hind wings ashy-brown. The caterpillar is dull green, with 

 dusky dots. It feeds on the leaves of the oak ; occurring, in some seasons, in such immense profusion that the 

 oak-woods are almost entirely defoliated — " not a perfect leaf, nay, hardly the rib of one, being left, in conse- 

 quence of which myriads of the caterpillars perish through want "^Nature thus curing the calamity in her 

 own way ; so that, in the seasons following these swarms, it sometimes occurs that the species becomes so rare 

 that scarce a single specimen is to be found in places where, the season before, thousands swarmed on every oak : 

 so that, on shaking the branches, the moths are dislodged, flickering about like flakes of snow in a violent storm. 



* Synonyme. — Phalana Tortrix viridana, Linnaeus ; Hubner; Albin, pi. 72, fig. e — h ; Harris ; Aurelian, pi. 10, 1, 2, y, z ; Donovan, 



4, pi. 144 ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 844. 



Species 2. — Tortrix palleana*" — (Plate LXXIX., Fig. 11) — Measures f inch in expanse ; the fore wings 



rather dark straw-coloured, with whitish fringe ; and the hind wings dusky straw-coloured, with paler cilia. 



Taken in July and August, near Dover. 



« Synonymes. — Tortrix palleana, Treitschke; Stephens (lUustr.) ; Wood, fig. 846. 

 Tortrix Havana, Hiibner ; Haworth ; Stephens (Catal.). 



Species 3. — Tortrix viburnana ^ — (Plate LXXIX., Fig. 12) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse ; fore 



wings greyish brown and shining, with a yellowish tinge ; hind wings ashy brown ; fringe of all the wings 



whitish. Widely dispersed, but not common in July. 



f Synonymes. — Phalana viburnana, Wien. Vera, j Treitschke ; Stephens (Illustr. ); Wood, fig. 847. 

 Tortrix unitana, Hubner ; Stephens ; (Catal). 



Species 4. — Tortrix pillerana ^ — (Plate LXXIX., Figs. 13, 14) — Measures nearly 1 inch in expanse ; 

 fore wings of the male golden brown ; those of the female narrower and more acute, and of a dusky brown 

 colour ; hind wings dusky with paler fringes. Found in Whittlesea Mere, in June. 



Obs. It seems doubtful whether this can be the true T. pillerana, as that species is described and figured 

 with golden-coloured fore wings, having two oblique brown fascise ; but Fabricius describes a variety with the 

 wings nearly entirely golden- coloured, without the fasciae. 



6 SvNONVMEs. — Tortrtx pillerana, Wien. Verz. ; Hubner; Fabricius; Stephens, 111. 4, 396. 

 Tortrix luteolana, Hiibner; Wood, fig. 1677. 



Species 5. — Tortrix galeana ^ — Plate LXXIX., Figs. 15, 16) — Measures about 10 lines in expanse ; 

 fore wings of the male glossy golden mouse-colour, with obscure rusty patches : female with the hind wings 

 narrow, with the apex more acute, slightly reticulated, rusty, with a broad dark-brown oblique bar across them, 

 not extending to the hinder margin : costa also with a longitudinal dark dash. A very widely dispersed species, 

 but not common. (New Forest, Whittlesea Mere, Isle of Skye, &c.) 



^ Synonysie. — Tortrix Galeana, Bentley; Curiis; Brit. Ent. pi. 763; Stephens; Wood, fig, 845. 



LOZOTCENIA, Stephens. TORTRIX, pars, Curtis. 

 Mr. Stephens has separated the preceding insects from Tortrix, chiefly on account of the reticulations and 

 oblique fasciae with which the fore wings of the majority are ornamented. They are for the most part of brown 

 tints varied with red or yellow. The palpi are broad and compressed, the head tufted, the front and the fore 



