ON CUDRANIA TRILOBA AND ITS USES IN CHINA. 147 
to these, pnt said that they certainly ‘‘n’avaient aucun rapport 
avec le murier.” At my request he brought back to Shanghai good 
BDeonene of the shrub, which I at once recognised as Cudrania 
trilo were apparently from one plant, with eae or oval 
leaves, hardly at all lobed, the female capitula in young flower with 
exserted styles. 
e Chinese name for M. Brunat’s porns given me by a 
native ‘of the silk- tiatriete, was cha- shu, while a small tree of the 
same species growing near my house in the Suances suburbs was 
named by my Chinese yn poh-hsi. Local plant-names vary — 
greatly in China, but, apart from this, neither of my informants 
would have liked to appear une to answer my questions, so that 
I attach little value to the mation in either case. My o 
conviction is that my oe are to a referred to the ché, 
nu-ché, or shih tree, the notices of which in standard Chinese works 
have long pean a puzzle to botanists. 
following indication of references to this plant I am 
icasuiod cs a papers he Se by Dr. Bretschneider in the early 
part of 1881.* I may remark that part of the difficulty in a 
the ché tree has icabélons arisen from its comparison in the Chines 
vonsrave sinologue, Dr. 8. Wells Williams, misled by this com- 
parison, Calls the ché tree (Ghinese Dict. p. 39 ) “the silkworm oak 
) 
The «Pen- tsao-kang-mu,’ xxxvi., pp. 9, 10, 11, gives long 
descriptions of the ché and the nu- -ché, the f ollowing abstract of — 
which has been kindly prepared by my friend Mr. Donald Spence, 
of H. onsular Service :— 
as Native authorities state that the ché prefers stony ground, and 
the tsoh hilly arable land. Hence it is that the etymology 
meaning of the character ché is ‘‘ stone-tre The ood is 
streaked inside, and may be worked on the sate a aa 
articles. Its leaves are used for feeding silkworms, but it is also 
said that its renee are hard and not so good as the mul 
the hills, having leaves of a thick texture, round, terminating in 
point. Silkworms are fed on these, and the silk so prone | is 
employed in hinkieg lute-strings which give a clearer ae 
the ordinary ones. Another author says that bow ag 
wood to tip their bows with; and that the tree iets, a oaiiah 
yellow dye, called the ché yellow w, which is used for the imperial 
garments. It is elsewhere stated that ché wood, to which has been 
applied a paste made of coal-dust and vinegar, can be dyed black in 
a& seg an 
-ché grows in the wild hilly country of Kiangnan. It 
camiBles ee ché tree, and has thorned nodes and persistent 
* «Notes on some botanical questions connected with the export trade 
China,” January, 1881; “On Chinese soe Se June, 1881; published i in 
the ‘North China Daily News,’ Shan 
t “On the silkworm-oaks of ae China.” Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 487. 
