184 SPRUCE ON CEPHALOZIA. 
e are—Ist, The insertion of the branches on the 
ate 
keels or angles of the perianth; 8rd, The structure of the capsule- 
walls, and the number of the cell- are composing them; 4th, The 
sp a of the sexual, and especially of the male, organs. 
The genera Cephalozia and Kantia are acne of those genera 
having a postical insertion of branches; and “a tetas Radula, and 
Frullania, of those having — lateral ‘branch 
In the author’s notes on the perianth are some srg and 
valuable Shedrrsiions on ite: origin aa structure. He finds that 
two types of perianth obtain A RE the ond Jungermaniacee 5 
the one ( Epigonanthe) is distinguished by having the keels, or 
angles of the Lip mo nth at the actual satay! of the connate flower- 
e angles are normally three, and the third angle is 
ailiys in front. This form of perianth is — ri a 
laterally compressed stem and involucre, such as 
Lophocolea, Chiloscyphus, &c. In the other type (Hypogoiantha) 
the angles of the perianth are the medial ae of the complicate 
flower-leaves, and not their marginal sutures; and ie leaves 
being three, two lateral and the third *etloal their union produces 
a trigonous perianth, with the third angle at the back, as in 
Cephalozia, Lepidozi ia, oe &c.; and although additional (or 
supplementary) angles may be developed in the perianth i certain 
serait and species, it is rarely difficult to refer the = anth with 
e a) 
aie of the cell- Be Sade ite is — by the author, the chief 
abs 
distinctions being the pre sence on the innermost layer 
semiannular fibres, aay the scat har of Siilaree in the capsule 
ah genus or species. 4 e number of the sexual organs, 
especially of the male (which character, although noticed by some 
writers, has not been sufficiently attended to), is found to be very 
- constant in many genera 
The author does not, however, be eh the two divisions, 
Epigoniantha and Hypogonianthe, as primary ones, but we may 
enture to conjecture that when he writes more fully upon the 
lapae “aabjeet of the natural mid eee of the Jungermaniacee 
they will o an important plac 
A history of the genus Cophatosia Dum. is given, followed by a 
summary i its main characters, with a division of it into eight 
subgenera, and a sketch of the salations which each subgenus has 
to the others, together with notes on conterminous species, which 
oblige us to unite the subgenera into a single comprehensive genus. 
Although there are some startling combinations, as for instance 
of the frondose-like Pteropsiella and Zoopsis on the one hand, with 
the genus Odontoschisma Dum. (which “ reduced to a subgenus), 
on the other, the consummate manner in which the sathor — 
the subject shows us that we have an honest endeavour ee arrive at 
a natural arrangement of these minute and complex plant 
The eight subgenera are :—1. Proto-Cephalozia §., which con- 
