.. . -- - . 18 



•;■ -■ • - ■ ; I ■"*- .'"'^ '■'' ' ■■'- •*- ' ■' ■' .' /" ' 



connections to the body. Dorsal and pectoral spine lengths were measured from 

 origin to stiffest distal point or ossified tip, as discernible in whole specimens. 

 Preisthmus length was taken from the tip of the snout to a point midway between 

 the anteroventral position of the opercular openings. Adipose fin height was 

 measured from where the fin erupts anteriorly from the dorsal body surface to the 

 posteriodorsal-most point of the fin. Caudal peduncle length was taken from the 

 anal fin insertion to the midlateral origin of central caudal fin rays. Eye diameter 

 was taken as the horizontal distance between the anterior and posterior margins of 

 the eyeball. Head width is the maximum bony distance between postorbitals. 

 Sample sizes given in tables of body proportions are of the maximum number of 

 specimens included in each analysis; distorted or damaged specimens in some cases 

 precluded certain measurements. < ,. 



Details of osteology and soft anatomy were studied from dissected or 

 skeletonized specimens and preparations using modifications of the differential 

 staining techniques of Dingerkus and Uhler (1977), Potthoff (1984), and Cailliet et 

 al. (1986); these specimens are designated parenthetically in the Material Examined 

 sections as (skel) or (c/s), respectively. Drawings of skeletal preparations were 

 made with the aid of a camera lucida attached to a stereomicroscope. 

 Nomenclature of osteological elements follows Cailliet et al. (1986), Lundberg 

 (1975), and Lundberg and Baskin (1969) unless otherwise noted. Cartilage is 

 indicated by heavy stippling in the illustrations. Abbreviations used in illustrations 

 are listed in Table 2. 



Ray counts of anal and paired fins included all lepidotrichia and often 

 required minor dissection in the case of pectoral fins. Anal ray counts were taken 

 principally from radiographs or counterstained specimens and included, when 

 present, a small anterior flint of bone associated with the anteriormost 

 pterygiophore; in rare cases, anal rays were discernible in whole specimens where 



