68 PAKASITES OF GIPSY AND BROWN-TAIL MOTHS. 



methods, lie promised his hearty support to the work, refusing, how- 

 ever, to accept any compensation from the State of Massachusetts or 

 from the United States Government. 



The visitor then proceeded by boat from Sebastopol to Con- 

 stantinople, but was unable to learn of any person in Turkey having 

 any information on the subject of insect pests, nor was he able in the 

 country about Constantinople to find any indication of the occurrence 

 of either gipsy moth or brown-tail moth. 



Leaving Constantinople, the expedition proceeded to Vienna, drop- 

 ping Mr. Pichler at Budapest. At Vienna the Seventh International 

 Congress of Agriculture was held, beginning May 22, 1907. The 

 visitor met there a number of delegates from the different countries 

 in Europe, with whom he discussed the question of .parasite importa- 

 tion, receiving warm assurances of support, especially from Prof. Dr. 

 Max Hollrung, of the Agricultural Department of the University of 

 Halle, Prof. Dr. Karl Eckstein, of the Forest Academy at Ebers- 

 walde, and Prof. Dr. J. Ritzema Bos, director of the Phytopatho- 

 logical Station at Wageningen, Holland. While in Vienna arrange- 

 ments were made with Mr. Fritz Wagner for continuance of the 

 work,- and a further consultation on the subject of parasites was held 

 with Dr. Gustav Mayr. 



After Vienna, Mr. Schopfer was visited in Dresden, Dr. Hollrung 

 at Halle, Dr. R. Heymons in Berlin, Dr. Eckstein in Eberswalde, 

 Miss Ruhl at Zurich, and Prof. G. Severin at Brussels. Prof. Severin 

 is connected with the Royal Natural History Museum at Brussels, 

 is an admirably well-posted entomologist, and is connected with the 

 Forest Conservation Commission of Belgium. He was able to give 

 good advice in the parasite work and promised assistance. 



Returning to France, an important conference was held with Mr. 

 Rene Oberthur, and it was arranged to establish during the summer 

 of 1908 a field station at Rennes, to be placed in charge of a special 

 expert, Mr. A. Vuillet, chosen by Prof. Houlbert, of the University 

 of Rennes. Through Mr. Oberthiir's courtesy it was arranged to 

 establish field rearing cages at a convenient point near the University 

 of Rennes and to carry on the work in much the same way as it had 

 been arranged for the present summer at Kief. The University of 

 Rennes having a certain connection with the University of Paris, it 

 was considered desirable that the cooperation of the scientific faculty 

 of the University of Paris be gained by direct application. Tins was 

 readily arranged, through the cordial and sympathetic cooperation 

 of Prof. Alfred Giard, of the faculty of science of the University of 

 Paris (since deceased). 



In dealing with the European parasites reared at North Saugus, 

 considerable difficulty was experienced in ascertaining their names. 

 It was very. desirable, of course, to have a definite name by which to 



