122 PARASITES OF GIPSY AND BROWN-TAIL MOTHS. 



parasite material were collected, it can not be stated as confidently 

 as the circumstances render desirable that some among the others 

 are not incidentally of value in keeping reduced the numbers of the 

 moth in localities where it is too rare to permit of collection of mate- 

 rial for shipment to America. 



Prof. Kincaid's reports upon the effectiveness of the parasites, even 

 when taken with more than the prescribed grain of conservatism, have 

 been so consistently optimistic as to leave no room to doubt that the 

 parasitism to which the moth is subjected in Japan, even in localities 

 where it is more than normally prevalent, is sufficient to meet and 

 overcome the rate of increase of the gipsy moth in America. 



How these parasites work together in bringing about the control 

 of the moth in Japan is indicated in Table I, which, with its explana- 

 tion, was published in a somewhat abbreviated form in the popular 

 bulletin by the junior author which was issued through the office of 

 the State forester of Massachusetts a year ago. 



The addition of the names of the species marked with an asterisk 

 makes the list complete, so far as it may be completed through the 

 information now available. The species so designated are those 

 which have never been received in sufficient abundance to make their 

 colonization possible, and among them are some which are doubtless 

 of wholly insignificant importance from an economic standpoint, 

 while others may, upon investigation, prove to be of more than suffi- 

 cient importance to justify an attempt to secure their introduction 

 into America. 



Opposite the name of each parasite, extending across a certain 

 number of the vertical columns, is a dotted line. The vertical col- 

 umns indicate different stages in the development and transforma- 

 tions of the gipsy moth, as the egg, the caterpillar, and the pupa, and 

 these are still further divided into caterpillars of different sizes and 

 eggs and pupse of different ages and conditions. At the head of each 

 column is stated the approximate number of days during which the 

 individual gipsy moth remains in that particular stage. 



The dotted line following the name of the parasite indicates those 

 stages in the life of the gipsy moth during which the latter is likely 

 to be attacked by the parasite in question, and it will be seen that in 

 a number of instances) as, for example, Chalcis and Theronia, this 

 period is exceedingly short. The solid line indicates the stages in the 

 life of the gipsy moth during which it is likely to contain the parasite 

 in its body. This, it may also be noted, varies considerably. Crosso- 

 cosmia, for example, gains lodgment in the active caterpillar while 

 it is only about half grown, and the extension of the solid line across 

 all of the columns which stand for the later caterpillar stages, as well 

 as for all of the pupal stages, indicates that the larvae of this parasite 

 do not leave the host caterpillar until after it has transformed to a 



