136 



PARASITES OF GIPSY AND BROWN-TAIL MOTHS. 



PARASITISM OF THE GIPSY MOTH IN AMERICA. 



Although the gipsy moth is attacked by a considerable variety of 

 American parasites the aggregate effectiveness of all the species 

 together is wholly insignificant, so far as has been determined by 

 the rearing work which has been conducted on an extensive scale 

 at the laboratory. Actual effectiveness may be greater than indi- 

 cated, however, because it is possible that the caterpillars or pupse 

 may be attacked by parasites, the larvae of which are unable to com- 



Table III. — Sequence of brown-tail moth parasites in Europe. 



pxirxis/tes. 



EGG. 



L-XfffVXIL STAGES. 









ADULT. 



FALL STAGES. 



W/N- 

 TER 

 STAGE 



SPR//VG STAGES. 





p/psr 



SEC- 

 OND. 



7H/RD. 



F/RST 



SEC- 

 ONO. 



TH/PD. 



fOURW. 



PRE- 



PUPA. 



FRESH. 



OLD. 



*TR/CH06RAMMA SP 

 *TRiCHOGRA/WA PRE770SA-UHE 

 *TELENOMOUS PHALAENARUM 

 APANTELES LACTE/CO/.OR 



METEORUS l/ERS/COLOR \ 



ZY60B07»R/A N/D/COLA 

 *PTEROP?ALUS E6REG/US 

 *UMNER/UM D/SPAR/S 



PAREXOR/STA CRELON/AE 



DEXODES N/GRLPES 



COMPS/LURA CONONNATA* 

 *8LEPHAR/DEA VULGAR/S 

 *CY0.07VPHPYS ANSER 

 *M AS/CERA SYLVAT/CA 



EU0OffOAfy/A MAGMCORN/S 



ZEN/LL/A L/BATR/X 



PALES PAWDA 



TACH/NA LARYARUM 

 *TR/CHOLY6A GPAHD/S 

 *P/MPLA BRASS/CAR/AE. 

 *P/MPLA /NST/GATR/X 

 *P/MPLA EXAMJNATR/X 

 *THERON/A ATALAN7AE 



MONODONTOMERUS AEREUS* 

 ~*D/GLOCH/S ONtN/VOPA 

 *PTEROMALUS SP 

















'A/6 & 



WERA 



r/ON 







- 









FALL 



GENE* 



47X?N 









SPP 











./,.. 

















2 























































































































































/, ATTACKS YOUNG CATERP/UARS BEFORE H/BERNAT/ON, BUT LARVAE APPARENTLY F4/L TO MATURE. 



2, ADULT FEMALES H/BERNATE /N W/NTER NESTS. 



*, SPEC/ES NOT CONS/DERED TO BE OR MUCH /MPORTANCE ECONOM/CALLY. 



plete their transformations under the conditions in which they find 

 themselves. This is known to be true in the instance of what would 

 otherwise be a very important parasite, Tachina mella. 



In such instances the host usually remains unaffected and the par- 

 asite perishes. At other times, as proved through a series of ex- 

 periments carried on by Mr. P. H. Timberlake, of the Gipsy Moth 

 Parasite Laboratory, in the spring of 1910, the host may perish 

 without exhibiting any external symptoms of its condition. No 



