PARASITES OF GIPSY-MOTH PUPJE. 



249 



The egg which is figured (fig. 52) was dissected from a female which 

 was imported in 1909 with cocoon masses of the brown-tail moth and 

 which was evidently hibernated. She was given no opportunity to 

 oviposit. In 1910 several females were collected in the open in June, 

 and these, upon being supplied with fresh pupae of the brown-tail 

 moth, immediately oviposited. 



The very characteristic larvae (fig. 53) feed externally upon the 

 pupae of tacliinids within the puparium, but 

 internally within the pupae of Lepidoptera. 

 The pupae (figs. 54, 55) are also characteristic, 

 and the appearance of that of the female is 

 indicated by the accompanying illustrations. 

 The exit hole (fig. 56) left in the gipsy-moth 

 pupae is invariably smaller than that left b} r Chalcis, and larger than 

 that of Diglochis. It may be located anywhere, in which respect it 

 differs from any of the larger of the pupal parasites. 



As a secondary parasite, Monodontomerus has been reared from 

 tachinid puparia upon numerous occasions both from those which 

 have been received from abroad and from those collected in America. 

 It was rather expected of it that its attack would be confined to those 



Fig. 52. — Monodontomerus 

 xr ens: Egg. Greatly en- 

 larged. (Original.) 



Fig. 53. — Monodontomerus 

 aereus: Larva. Greatly 

 enlarged. (Original.) 



Fig. 54. — Monodontomerus 

 sereus: Pupa, side view. 

 Greatly enlarged. 

 (Original.) 



Fig. 55.— Monodonto- 

 merus xreus: Pupa, 

 ventral view. Great- 

 ly enlarged. (Orig- 

 inal.) 



which were immediately associated with one or another of its chosen 

 hosts, but as usual it did the unexpected, and it has been reared from 

 Compsilura puparia which were collected at the base of trees upon 

 which the caterpillars of the gipsy moth had been common. It has 

 also been reared from tachmids parasitic upon the tussock moth (and 

 from the tussock moth as a primary parasite), from the tent cater- 

 pillar, in which it was apparently parasitic upon Pimpla, and from 

 the cocoons of Apanteles lacteicolor Vier., the imported brown-tail 

 moth parasite. Like another anomalous species, Pteromalus egregius, 



