74 PARASITES OF GIPSY AND BROWN-TAIL MOTHS. 



expedition far more than justified the expense involved. A very 

 large amount of parasite material was received from him in good 

 condition at Boston, and very many parasites from Japan were 

 colonized in the woodlands in New England. Prof. Kincaid was 

 received with the most extreme courtesy and cordiality by the 

 Japanese Government and by official and private entomologists 

 everywhere. His work was facilitated in every possible way; assist- 

 ants were placed at his disposal and in this way a large number of 

 individuals occupied themselves in the collection of parasitized 

 material. After consultation with the Japanese entomologists, 

 whose great cleverness in manipulation and ingenuity in devising 

 methods are well known, Prof. Kincaid was able to pack his shipments 

 in such a way as to bring about a minimum of mortality on the jour- 

 ney. The steamship companies showed him every courtesy, and 

 much of his material arrived at Melrose Highlands in better condition 

 than corresponding sendings received from Europe. A single indi- 

 cation of the value of Prof. Kincaid's work may be mentioned : From 

 one shipment of cocoons between 40,000 and 50,000 adults of the 

 Japanese Apanteles were reared and were liberated directly in the 

 open in Massachusetts, and this is the species which, although 

 repeatedly sent by correspondents, had never arrived in New England 

 in such condition that a single living adult could be reared. 



The European importations in the meantime continued to arrive 

 in numbers, and at the close of the summer it was found that the 

 actual number of beneficial insects liberated had been far in excess 

 of that for 1906 or 1907, and that the list included several species 

 of apparently great importance and promise that had never before 

 been received at the laboratory in living condition. 



The successful European importations all came from western 

 Europe, and unfortunately the few shipments sent from Russia 

 arrived in very bad condition. This is considered to have been most 

 unfortunate, since several of the Russian parasites were very promis- 

 ing, and the subject of improving the Russian service was taken into 

 consideration. 



With the great success of the summer's Japanese work, and the 

 question of the great desirability of similar work in Russia in his mind, 

 the senior author, visiting the Pacific coast in the autumn of that 

 year (1908) on a tour of inspection of the field laboratories of the 

 Bureau of Entomology, called on Prof. Kincaid at Seattle and dis- 

 cussed with him at length the plans for 1909. Although Kincaid 

 expressed himself as charmed with Japan and anxious to repeat his 

 visit to that most interesting country, his innate honesty compelled 

 him to state that he considered the expense of the trip unnecessary; 

 that he had found the Japanese entomologists, officials, and others 

 so intelligent and so thoroughly competent, and at the same time 



