PARASITES OF GIPSY-MOTH PUP^E. 



243 



supply of host pupae. In the act of oviposit ion the female firmly 

 grasps the active host-pupa with her powerful hind legs and resists 

 all of its efforts to dislodge her. The egg has not been observed nor 



Fig. 47.— Chalcis flavipes: Full- 

 grown larva from gipsy-moth, 

 pupa. Much enlarged. (Origi- 

 nal.) 



Fig. 48.— Chalcis flavipes: 

 Pupa, side view. Much 

 enlarged. (Original.) 



Fig. 49- — Chalcis fla- 

 vipes: Pupa, ventral 

 view. Much enlarged. 

 (Original.) 



the early-stage larvae. The full-fed larva is quite characteristic in 

 appearance, and well represented in the accompanying illustration 

 (fig. 47). The pupa (figs. 48, 49) is almost invariably located in the 



Fig. 50.— Gipsy-moth pupae, showing exit holes of Chalcis flavipes. 

 Enlarged. (Original) 



anterior portion of the host pupa, and the exit hole (fig. 50) of the 

 adult is characteristic, being smaller than that of Pimpla or Theronia, 

 and rarely at the extreme end, as is the case with the ichneumonid 

 parasites. The pupal exuvium is also characteristic and, curiously 



