TERTIARY MAMMAL HORIZONS. 29 



The lignites of Monte Bamboli (Tuscany) are placed by Lepsius 

 in the Langhien ; their position is doubtful ; they are here 

 placed in the Tortonien. 



3. Tortonien, Upper Miocene 



This is the * middle miocene ' of Gaudry, Deperet, Gaillard 

 and others who include Pikermi in the Upper Miocene ; it is 

 the ' upper miocene ' of those who place Pikermi in the Plio- 

 cene. 



Grive-Sa'mt-Albaii (Isere), explored by Jourdan between 

 1845 and 1 86 1, should now be regarded as typical upper mio- 

 cene. That the mammalian fauna of this stage is distinctl}^ more 

 recent than that of Sansan and Simorre was maintained by 

 Deperet ('87, p. 22 ; '92, p. clvi) who showed that of 34 

 species 14 occur in Sansan ; Gaillard ('99, p. 75) has increased 

 the faunal list of LaGrive to 63 species and the new t}'pes he 

 records all tend to emphasize the more recent age ^ of this re- 

 markably rich and typical fauna ; many of the forms, however, 

 such as Fclis, Ursus, Siis, recorded by Gaillard are Pliocene 

 genera, which probably should receive different names. 



The best known parallel of La Grivc are the sands of Stein- 

 hcijn, Wiirttemberg, in which upwards of 30 species have been 

 recorded (fauna, see Lepsius, '92, p. 586); twenty of these spe- 

 cies are common with those of La Grivc. In Bavaria are the 

 deposits of Gunzbiirg, Ries (Nordlingen) and Gcorgcnsgcmund , 

 In Switzerland are the OEningcn beds (Obere siisswassermolasse, 

 Molasse d'eau douce superieure), famous not only for its fauna 

 but for its remarkable flora. This flora, as monographed by 

 Heer, indicates a climate similar to that of Madeira and Japan ; 

 other localities of the upper molasse are Elgg and LCdpfnacJi. 

 In the Paris basin is the Molasse de /' Anjoit (Deperet, '92, p. 

 155); the St. Jean de Bournay ; in the Rhone basin the Cnciiro}! 

 (Molasse) and Cabrieres (Marnes). 



1 op. cit., " Les nouveaux mammiferes rencontres a la Grive tendent a donner 

 a la faune de ce gisement une physionomie toute particuliere et a la rapprocher 

 davantage de la faune actuelle." 



