TERTIARY MAMMAL HORIZONS. 33 



Perpiguan. Fluviatile. 



Meximieux (Ain) tufas, famous for its characteristic Pleistocene flora : Bamboo, Sas- 

 safras, Magnolia, Laurel. 

 Sables de Trevoux (Saone) 



Deperet's fine memoir upon Roiisilloii ('90, p. 538, 539) 

 tends to make this locality typical. Characteristic species not 

 found in Pikermi are R. leptorhiiius, JMastodon arvcriiejisis, Tapi- 

 rus arvei'nensis^ Ursiis arverncnsis. 



Types with Messinien or Pikermi affinities are Hipparion, 

 Palceoryx, Hycenarctos, Dolichopithecus. The Asiatic apes are 

 Dolichopitheciis and ScinnopitJicciis. The African antelopes are 

 Palceoryx cor die ri and P. hoodon. 



4. Sicilien, Upper Pliocene 



This embraces the ' newer pleiocene fauna ' of English au- 

 thors, the 'fminc pleiocene recente ' of Deperet. Hipparion dis- 

 appears, being replaced by Equus steiionis ; RJiinocerns etrnscns 

 succeeds 7?. leptorJiimis. Macacus floreiitiiiiis ■dj^'^^ds?,, related to 

 the living Gibraltar form. The Proboscidia are represented by 

 the last of the European mastodons, Mastodon arverncnsis and 

 M. borsoni ; Eleplias nieridionalis, the great southern elephant 

 and precursor of the mammoth, is found in Italy and the Saone 

 Valley. This species is absent locally (Deperet) in the Sables a 

 Mastodontes of Puy, Coupet, Vialette. The typical locality is 

 in the classic valley of the Arno in Italy, the so-called Val 

 d'Arno superieiire ; its richness contrasts with the general poverty 

 of Italy in middle and lower Pliocene types. 



Italy. Olivola, a little higher than Val. d'Arno. vSummit of Pliocene. 



Val d^ Arno super. Thick fluvio-lacustrine beds (60 metres). Fauna 

 fully listed by Stefani. 



Astesan, Villafranca (San Paola), Tossano. 

 France. Sainzelles (Puy) a little higher than Perrier. 



Perrier (Issoire) fluviatile gravels. 



Montpellier super. (Rhone), fluvio-lacustrine. 



Coupet mper. , volcanic deposits. 



Vialette (Haute Loire, near Puy). 



Chagny (Saone) fluviatile clays and sands. 



Sables a Mastodontes du Puy. 

 England. Red Crag (Suffolk) Marine. 



Norwich Crag (Norfolk) Fluvio-marine. 



Annals N. Y. Acad. Scl, XIII, July 19, 1900 — 3 



