36 



OSBORN. 



Partly Theoretical Divisions of European Pleistocene, after 



POHLIG, DePERET, NeHRING AND OtHERS 



I. 



Main Stages. 



Neolithic implements. 



Upper Pleistocene. 

 Post-Glacial or Alluvial. 



(Moustieren Human 

 type.) 



Palaeolithic implements. 



Middle Pleistocene. 



Glacial or Diluvial. 

 (Cheleen Human type.) 



II. 



Partly Theoretical 



Relations of Glacial 



Oscillations. 



Recession of Gla- 

 ciers. 



3d Glacial. 



r 



1 -r. 



Lower Pleistocene. 



Preglacial or Transi- 

 tional to Pliocene. 



2d Interglacial. 



2d Glacial. 



ist Intergla- 

 cial. 



I St Glacial. 



Advance of 

 Glaciers. 



III. ^ 



Characteristic 



Geological 



Deposits. 



Humus, 



Lake Terraces. 



Post-Glac. Loss. 



Loss, Valley 

 Gravels, 

 Cave Clays, 

 Diluvium, 

 Sands. 



I c 

 •Oil) 



> J - O 



IV. 



Stratigraph., 

 "d :r ^ . ci Faunal and 

 E-§"S «i S Geol. Succes. 



Human Remains and 



Characteristic 



Mammals. 



Fluviatile, 

 River Sands, 

 and Gravels. 

 Gravels, 

 Conglomerates, 

 Sands. 



Boulders, 

 Erratics, Clays, 

 Drifts, Sea-ter- 

 races, Moraines. 



Estuarine and 

 Fluviatile, Marls 

 and Sands. 



Prehistoric Stage. 



N. temperate. 

 Forest, Upland, River 

 and Field Fauna. 



Elephas primigenius 

 stage. 



N. temperate and Bor- 

 eal, Steppe and Forest 

 Fauna. 



{Up. Rodent. Steppe 

 Fauna, Yellow Culture 

 Layer ; Lower Rodent 

 Tundre Fauna. 

 Subarctic Tundre Fauna. 



Rhinoceros Merckii. 



Elephas antiquus 

 stage. 



N. Temperate Thurin- 

 gian tufa, Taubach 

 (Weimar). 



Elephas trogontherii 

 stage. 



TTemperate. | 



<. B. Mosbach Sands j 

 (^( Lower Terraces). 



( A. Rixdorf Beds,' 

 -| Subarctic. 1 



( (Higher Terraces.) 



Arctic. 



Elephas meridion- 

 alis stage. 



'Forest Beds (Norfolk). 

 St. Prest. 

 Durfort. 

 Malbattu (Auvergne 



Puy-de-D6me). 

 Chalon - St. - Cosme 



(Bresse). 



Forest and Lake 

 Dwellers. 



Recently exterminated 

 types. 



Felis, Hyaena, Ursus 

 spelseus, Cyon alpinus, 

 Capra ibex, Ovibos, 

 Rangifer, Bison priscus, 

 Equus, R. tichorhinus, 

 Elasmotherium, Elephas 

 primigenius. 



Neanderthal and 

 Spy, human types. 

 Steppe and Cave 

 Dwellers. 



Oldest human re- 

 mains known, Mo- 

 lar teeth (Nehring). 



Saiga prisca, Alces 

 machlis, Capreolus,Lem- 

 mus, Alactaga saliens, 

 Lepus, Elephas antiquus, 

 E. primigenius. Rhinoc- 

 eros merckii. 



Felis spelaea, F. lynx, 

 h'ison, Sus scrofa, Cer- 

 vus elaphus, Equus ca- 

 ballus, Rangifer, Hippo- 

 potamus, Arctomys. 



Megaceros, Ovibos, R. 

 tichorhinus, R. merckii, 

 Elephas trogontherii. 



Fauna unknown. 



Earliest palseoliths. 



Machaerodus, Hyaena 

 spelaea, Ursus spelseus, 

 Lutra, Ovibos, Hippo- 

 potamus, Bos primige- 

 nius, Equus stenonis, 

 Rhinoceros etruscus, 

 Elephas meridionalis, E. 

 antiquus, Trogontheri- 

 um. 



lake and sea-beach deposits constituting the lacustrine and ma- 

 rine terraces. The very characteristic cave deposits, breccias 

 and earths belong to the upper mid-Pleistocene. Then there are 



