TERTIARY MAMMAL HORIZONS. 27 



Miocene (Lepsius, '92, p. 570). Among the marine equiva- 

 lents (Lepsius, '92, p. 546) are the Ohcrc Meercs Molassc (Switz.), 

 Muscliclsandstciii (Baden). The marine molasse of Eggcnbiirg 

 is a noteworthy parallel as containing Brachyodiis onoideus 

 (Deperet, '95, p. 397) and Metaxythcrimn^ a Sirenian. Brut- 

 tcloi (Studer, '95) also contains this true lower Miocene fauna 

 including Brachyodiis onoidms (Schlosser, Lit'b., '95, p. 183) 

 and Hyopotauiiis Jiclvcticiis. The marine Cetacean of the period 

 is Squalodon barriense. 



Of exceptional importance is the presence of a similar fauna 

 [AjJiphicyo?i, Mastodon angiistidciis, DinotJicriiiin, Ajithracotlicr- 

 hini, Hyotlicriiiin and IJstjiodon), in southwestern India, in the 

 Bugti Beds of Sind. These beds (Blaxford, '84, p. 37) 

 are far below the horizon of the Siwalik (Pliocene) fauna and 

 contain all the typical older Miocene forms mingled with many 

 of newer type. We find here especially Hyopotainus gigaiitciis 

 which Deperet regards as merely distinguished by its greater 

 size from BracJiyodiis onoidciis. Lydekker ('96, p. 201) and 

 Blanford both consider the Bugti beds as ** not improbably of 

 Upper Miocene Age," and as indicating a survival in this area of 

 archaic types which at that time had completely disappeared in 

 Europe ; the same author refers also to Tctracoiiodoii, a large 

 elothere, and to Hyopotaimis ; associated with the IMiocene types 

 therefore are true Oligocene t)'pes. The Bugti Beds are rich in 

 Proboscidia and taken all together should be considered Lower 

 and Middle Miocene rather than Upper Miocene. 



Especially significant is this community of fauna between 

 southern Asia and Europe at this time. 



The lower, middle and upper IMiocene faunas may therefore 

 be contrasted as follows : 



Lower Miocene. Middle Miocene. Upper Miocene. 



Typ.: Sablei de P Orleanais. Typ.: Sanson ^ Simorre. Typ.: G7'ive-St.-Alban. 



Brachyodus o o 



Elotherium o o 



Rhinoceros aurelianensls...R. Sansaniensis R. brachypus X 



Anchitherium aurelianense X 



Dinotherium bavaricum X 



Mastodon angustidens X X 



