140 DWIGHT 



young and old being indistinguishable. April specimens from 

 Georgia and Florida often show a few **pin feathers." Wear is 

 marked in this species before the end of the breeding season less 

 than four months later which is an argument in favor of a 

 prenuptial moult, because the feathers seen in April, even if ac- 

 quired late in the autumn, ought to be as much worn as those 

 of August specimens. 



5. Adult Winter Plumage acquired by a complete post- 

 nuptial moult few traces of which appear before the species 

 migrates southward late in August. Whether birds renew the 

 flight-feathers on the journey or after reaching winter quarters, 

 material does not show for the wear of flight-feathers in aerial 

 species is so trifling that their study proves little positively. 

 Perhaps one moult and probably two takes place during the 

 six or seven months this species is absent, 



6. Adult Nuptial Plumage acquired, probably by a partial 

 prenuptial moult. Mid-summer birds become paler and the 

 feathers a good deal frayed. 



Female. — The plumages and moults correspond to those of 

 the male. In juvenal plumage the sexes are alike ; at the post- 

 ju venal or possibly prenuptial moult, the crown patch and one 

 emarginate primary are acquired, the latter character distinguish- 

 ing the sexes in later plumages. Some females, however, have 

 two emarginate primaries, but these are regularly less narrowed 

 than those of males. 



Tyrannus verticalis (Say.). Arkansas Kingbird 



1. Natal Down. No specimen seen. 



2. Juvenal Plumage acquired by a complete postnatal moult. 



Crown and nape ecru-drab obscurely vermiculated with paler edgings, back olive- 

 buff, upper tail coverts pale clove-brown. Wings pale clove-brown with 

 whitish edgings faintly tinged with yellowish buff. Tail dull black, tipped 

 with pale brown, the outer webs of outer pair of rectrices white. Below, prim- 

 rose-yellow, ashy on throat and white on chin, lores dusky. Bill and feet dull, 

 brownish black in dried specimens. The first primary is not attenuated nor is 

 the crown patch present. 



3. First Winter Plumage acquired by a postjuvenal moult 



