PASSERINE BIRDS OF NEW YORK 175 



nor the tail. Birds in considerably worn ju venal dress taken in 

 New Brunswick, Canada, June 29th, July 21st and July 23d, 

 show a few new feathers of this plumage. 



Everywhere a mottled mixture of bright yellows, greens and reds, the former pre- 

 dominating and the reds dull, but individual variation is great. The colors 

 are brightest on the head, rump, throat and sides of abdomen. The posterior 

 part of the abdomen and under tail coverts may be red tinged or yellowish 

 or they may fail to moult and remain brown streaked. 



4. F1R.ST Nuptial Plum.\ge acquired by wear which is 

 marked by midsummer producing through loss of grayish bar- 

 bules a brightening of the whole plumage, as already explained 

 under Carpodacus piirpurcus. A worn reddish breast feather of 

 this plumage is shown on plate VII, fig. 4. In a year the 

 feather (fig. 3) which actually grew beside this one would also 

 lose its barbules and appear a brighter red, like fig. 4. 



5. Adult Winter Plumage acquired b}' a complete post- 

 nuptial moult in September. The brick-red body plumage with 

 vermilion rump is acquired at this moult as shown by a speci- 

 men taken in New Brunswick, Canada, October i6th which has 

 renewed about three quarter of the mottled dress. Plate VII, 

 fig. 3, represents a new feather that had not lost its sheath and 

 was situated next to the worn one represented by fig. 4. It 

 seems probable that an entirely red plumage is not always fully 

 acquired until the second postnuptial moult. A reddish tinge 

 is observable in the faint edgings of wings and tail. 



6. Adult Nuptial Plumage acquired by wear which through 

 loss of barbules produces coppery and rosy reflections, to the eye, 

 brighter than those of the previous plumage. 



Female. — In natal down and Juvenal plumage indistinguish- 

 able from males. The first winter plumage acquired b}" a 

 partial postjuvenal moult which does not include the wings nor 

 the tail is olive-buff indistinctly mottled or streaked with olive 

 brown ; the rump bright olive-yellow. The first nuptial plum- 

 age is acquired by wear producing little change. The adult 

 winter plumage varies little from the first winter, the rump per- 

 haps brighter and the breast tinged with bright olive-yellow. 

 Old birds sometimes show dull red tints on these areas, but the 



