176 DWIGHT 



brightest adults are greenish yellow as compared with the dullest 

 young males which are orange tinged. 



Of 6S specimens of both sexes in my collection, the upper 

 mandible crosses to the right in 38 and to the left in 30. 



Loxia leucoptera Gmel. White-winged Crossbill 



1. Natal Down. No specimen seen. 



2. Juvenal Plumage acquired by a complete postnatal moult. 



Whole plumage dull grayish white thickly streaked with clove-brown, the feather 

 edgings grayish, but bufify on back, rump and abdomen. Wings and tail dull 

 black, the primaries, secondaries and tertiaries narrowly, the tertiaries and wing 

 coverts broadly, edged with buffy white forming two distinct wing bands at tips 

 of greater and median coverts. Bill and feet brownish black. 



This description is taken from two females in my collection 

 secured in eastern Canada, June 29th and July i6th. The birds 

 are decidedly blacker than L. c. minor \n corresponding plumage. 



3. First Winter Plumage acquired by a partial postjuvenal 

 moult, probably in September, which involves the body plumage, 

 but neither the wings nor the tail. 



The head, back, rump, throat and breast are varying shades of chrome-yellow with 

 an occasional dash of dull red, the scapularies and upper tail coverts black. 

 Lores, orbital region and forehead dull black. 



4. First Nuptial Plumage acquired by wear which to the 

 eye brightens the yellow by loss of the barbules of the feathers. 

 The mouse-gray basal portion of the body feathers is somew^hat 

 in evidence. 



5. Adult Winter Plumage acquired by a complete post- 

 nuptial moult. It is likely nearly all young birds assume the 

 full red adult plumage at this moult. 



Rosy or hoary brick or geranium-red, the wings, tail and scapularies black. Wing 

 bands and tertiary edgings white. Abdomen smoke-gray and under tail coverts 

 dull white, rose tinged, both streaked with clove-brown. The colors are much 

 pinker than those of L. c. minor in corresponding dress and the white wing 

 bands distinctive. 



6. Adu-lt Nuptial Plumage acquired by wear, which, to the 

 eye, brightens the rosy tints considerably by loss of the barbules 



