PASSERINE BIRDS OF NEW YORK 183 



Calcarius lapponicus (Linn.). Lapland Loxgspur 



1. Natal Down. No specimen seen. 



2. Juvenal Plumage acquired by a complete postnatal moult. 



Above, including sides of head rich bufif or clay-color streaked heavily with black. 

 Wings and tail deep clove-brown, tertiaries and greater coverts edged with 

 Mar's-brown, white tipped, lesser coverts with white, primaries and tail with 

 pale cinnamon, outer rectrices terminally buffy white. Below, dull white, 

 washed with buft" across the throat ; the chin, throat and sides streaked with 

 black. Bill and feet of dried skin dusky clay-color. 



3. First Winter Plumage acquired by a partial postju venal 

 moult beginning in Greenland early in August which involves 

 the body plumage, part of the wing coverts and not the rest of 

 wings nor the tail. Young and old become practically indis- 

 tinguishable in many cases. 



Similar to the previous plumage. Above, wood-brown and cinnamon streaked with 

 clove-brown, the nape and sides of^neck chestnut concealed by wood -brown 

 edgings ; lesser coverts edged with wood-brown. Median crown stripe super- 

 ciliary line and anterior auriculars buff, posterior auriculars black. Below, 

 white, the feathers everywhere dusky basally, the sides of chin and a crescentic 

 area on the throat jet black veiled almost completely by long white edgings ; 

 the sides and flanks streaked with black. 



4. First Nuptial Plumage acquired by a partial prenuptial 

 moult beginning in March in the United States which involves 

 the anterior parts of the head, chin and throat. The black 

 feathers of these areas and the creamy white ones of the sides of 

 the head are acquired b}^ moult contrasting with the chestnut 

 collar which is assumed by loss of feather edgings. This moult 

 does not usually extend to the posterior portion of the black 

 throat patch where old black feathers with partly worn-off edg- 

 ings are regularly found. Wear produces a distinctly black 

 and white streaked appearance above with the collar clear chest- 

 nut as if unveiled. 



5. Adult Winter Plumage acquired by a complete post- 

 nuptial moult in August. Practically indistinguishable in many 

 cases from first winter dress, but the black on the chin and throat 

 is more extensive, and the colors richer and deeper, especially 

 the wing edgings. 



6. Adult Nuptial Plumage acquired b\' a partial prenuptial 

 moult as in the young bird. 



