184 DWIGHT 



Female. — The plumages and moults correspond to those of 

 the male, but the black throat patch is never so extensive and 

 usually merely outlined with dull black streaks. The juvenal 

 plumage is indistinguishable from that of the male. The first 

 winter plumage is much veiled and streaked above with clove 

 and cinnamon brown, the nape vinaceous ; below it is white ob- 

 scurely black on the sides of the chin and with a small throat 

 patch, the sides and flanks black streaked. The first nuptial 

 plumage is chiefly the result of wear, a few white feathers being 

 acquired by moult on the chin. The adult winter plumage is 

 like the first winter dress with perhaps more black on the throat. 



Calcarius ornatus (Towns.). Chestnut-collared Longspur 



1. Natal Down. No specimen seen. 



2. Juvenal Plumage acquired by a complete postnatal moult. 



Above clove-brown, the feathers edged with dull white and wood-brown producing 

 a streaked appearance. Wings, sepia-brown, the primaries terminally dusky, 

 the coverts edged with white forming a band at tips of the greater, which with 

 the tertiaries, secondaries and middle rectrices are edged with pale cinnamon, 

 the primaries with buff; tail largely white, the outer rectrices with only a 

 terminal shaft line of sepia. Bill and feet dusky pinkish buff, becoming 

 darker. 



3. First Winter Plumage acquired by a partial postjuvenal 

 moult which involves the body plumage, lesser wing coverts 

 and usually not more of the wings nor the tail. 



Similar to previous plumage. Above, sepia edged with pale wood-brown concealing 

 black feathers on the crown and chestnut ones on the nape and sides of neck; 

 a partly streaked effect elsewhere. Lesser wing coverts black veiled with 

 whitish edgings. Below, throat and breast black much veiled with huffy white 

 edgings, the chin, flanks and crissum white tinged with buff. Auriculars wood- 

 brown, the posterior ones concealing black ; superciliary line and lores whitish. 



4. First Nuptial Plumage acquired by a partial prenuptial 

 moult in March which involves chiefly the head and throat. 

 The chin, auriculars and lores are renewed by moult, becoming 

 clay-colored and also part of the black area on the throat and 

 forehead, the rest of it becoming black by loss of the feather 

 edgings. The black portion of the auriculars and the chestnut 

 collar is exposed by wear, the superciliary line becoming whiter, 



