PASSERINE BIRDS OF NEW YORK 191 



clove-brown shaft streaks and indistinct barring. Auriculars dusky. Bill and 

 feet pinkish buff the former becoming dusky, the latter sepia-brown with age. 



This plumage is worn from June to September when the post- 

 juvenal moult takes place in worn and faded birds, 



3. First Winter Plumage acquired by a partial postjuvenal 

 moult during September and early October which involves 

 almost the entire plumage except the primaries, their coverts, 

 and the secondaries, and apparently these also in some vigorous 

 individuals. 



Unlike the previous plumage ; the upper parts resembling A. jjiant mus. Above, 

 dull brownish olive-green, an orange tinged patch on the nape, the feathers of 

 the back edged with pearl and cinereous gray, the crown rich sepia faintly 

 streaked with clove-brown, an indistinct median stripe cinereous gray. The 

 tertiaries are edged with buff, the secondaries and greater coverts with russet, the 

 lesser coverts with olive-yellow ; the edge of the wing is bright lemon-yellow. 

 The new tail has more olive and is less barred than the old. Below, dull white 

 washed on chin, across jugulum and on sides, flanks and crissum with ochra- 

 ceous buff, superciliary and malar stripes deeper buff; streaked on jugulum, 

 sides and crissum with clove-brown veiled by overlapping feather edgings. 

 Auriculars cinereous. 



The buff everywhere fades rapidly and abrasion is soon marked 

 bringing the throat streaking into prominence. Birds become 

 much grayer above and much whiter below by fading and by 

 actual loss of the veiling feather tips. Several albinistic speci- 

 mens in my collection are in this plumage mottled with white. 



4. First Nuptial Plumage acquired by a complete prenup- 

 tial moult which occurs in March and April, I have seen sev- 

 eral specimens with the remiges partly grown, but this is usually 

 accomplished before the birds reach us although many show 

 renewal in the body feathers, A careful examination under the 

 glass shows that birds in May are in as fresh plumage even to 

 the wings and tail as when they leave us late in October and 

 November and it would be safe to infer a moult even if there 

 were no actual proof of it. Wear soon produces a faded ragged 

 bird dull brown above and dingy white below with dull streaks, 

 only the superciliary and malar stripes showing any buff. 



5. Adult Winter Plumage acquired by a complete post- 

 nuptial moult beginning late in August. Practically indistin- 

 guishable from first winter dress the colors averaging richer. 



