194 DWIGHT 



3. First Winter Plumage acquired by a complete post- 

 ju venal moult beginning in Kansas the middle of July, young 

 and old becoming practically indistinguishable. 



Similar to previous plumage, but unstreaked below. Above, wood-brown, streaked 

 with black, the pileum laterally chestnut, anteriorly black, divided by a buff 

 median stripe, palest anteriorly. Wings and tail deep clove-brown, with cin- 

 namon edgings deepest on the tertiaries, palest on the indistinct wing bands. 

 Below, white, washed with wood-brown on sides, flanks and crissum, the sides 

 of the chin and a central spot on the throat, with rictal and loral streaks, black ; 

 auriculars largely chestnut ; malar, suborbital and superciliary stripes white, the 

 latter buff tinged. 



4. First Nuptial Plumage acquired by a partial prenuptial 

 moult in March which involves the anterior parts of the head, 

 the chin and throat. This renewal supplies fresh feathers similar 

 to those they replace and the line of demarcation is obvious on 

 the throat by contrast of the clear white feathers next the old, 

 and only less obvious on the head. The chestnut of the auricu- 

 lars seems to be richer and the superciliary line whiter. Wear, 

 which is marked in this species, removes much of the wing edg- 

 ings, and the spot at the base of the primaries fades where un- 

 protected by their coverts. 



5. Adult Winter Plumage acquired by a complete postnup- 

 tial moult in July in Kansas. Practically indistinguishable from 

 first winter dress, the colors, especially of edgings, averaging 

 deeper. 



6. Adult Nuptial Plumage acquired by a partial prenuptial 

 moult as in the young bird. As all available spring specimens 

 appear to show fresh feathers, semiannual moult in both old 

 and young is the natural inference. 



Female. — The plumages and moults correspond to those of 

 the male. The juvenal plumage is indistinguishable from the 

 male. The first winter plumage is rather duller and the au- 

 riculars less distinctly chestnut. In later plumages the sexes 

 are practically alike. 



Zonotrichia leucophrys (Forst.). White-crowned Sparrow 



1. Natal Down. No specimen seen. 



2. Juvenal Plumage acquired by a complete postnatal moult. 



