208 DWIGHT 



plumage. The first nuptial is acquired by wear and the adult 

 winter by a complete postnuptial moult. Subsequent plumages 

 do not differ, females never assuming the black areas of the 

 male. 



Cardinalis cardinalis (Linn.) Cardinal 



1. Natal Down. Mouse-gray. 



2. Juvenal Plumage acquired by a complete postnatal moult. 



Above, sepia-brown, wings darker and suffused with dull dragon's-blood and brick- 

 red, the tail, crest and forehead largely brick-red, traces of black on lores and 

 chin. Below wood-brown, cinnamon tinged on throat, sides and flanks. Bill 

 and feet pinkish buff assuming when dry a dusky clay-color. 



3. First Winter Plumage acquired by a complete post- 

 juvenal moult beginning about the middle of August. 



The scarlet plumage, practically indistinguishable from the adult, is assumed, but it 

 is usually much veiled with olive-gray. The bill assumes the reddish color of 

 the adult later. 



4. First Nuptial Plumage acquired by wear which produces 

 little difference in the color except that the red is more prominent 

 through loss of the gray edgings. 



5. Adult Winter Plumage acquired by a complete post- 

 nuptial moult. Practically indistinguishable from first winter 

 dress, but with less veiling, and a reddish bill. 



Female. — The moults and plumages correspond to those of 

 the male, but after the juvenal plumage, in which the sexes are 

 alike, is put aside, females are distinguishable by their brown- 

 ish dress brightened with dull red. The black of the head is 

 always dull. 



Habia ludoviciana (Linn.). Rose-breasted Grosbeak 



1. Natal Down. White. 



2. Juvenal Plumage acquired by a complete postnatal moult. 



Above, including sides of the head, olive-brown with cinnamon and whitish edgings. 

 Wings and tail darker, a white area at the base of the primaries, the rectrices 

 faintly buff tipped, the coverts edged with buft' forming two nearly white wing 

 bands. Below, pure white usually a few olive-brown streaks on the sides of 

 the chin and throat. Broad superciliary lines and central crown stripe white, 

 buffy tinged. The edge of the wing is of a pale rose-pink ; under wing 

 coverts duller, salmon tinged. Bill and feet pinkish buff becoming dusky. 



