PASSERINE BIRDS OF NEW YORK 209 



3. First Winter Plumage acquired by a partial postjuvenal 

 moult beginning- the middle of August, which involves the body 

 plumage and the wing coverts, but not the rest of the wings nor 

 the tail. 



Above, raw umber streaked with clove-brown darkest on the pileum which has a 

 central buff stripe, the feathers white at their bases. Below, ochraceous buff, 

 white, on chin and abdomen, streaked on throat, breast and sides with clove- 

 brown ; a geranium-pink area on the jugulum veiled with ochraceous buff. 

 Auriculars sepia bordered with clove-brown. Superciliary stripe and suborbital 

 region white, tinged with buff, the lores grayish buff. The under wing coverts 

 bright geranium-pink, those of the edge of the wing black spotted, the lesser 

 coverts or " shoulders " with a carmine tinge. Two wing bands buff. 



4. First Nuptial Plumage acquired by a partial prenuptial 

 moult, late in the winter as indicated by South American speci- 

 mens, which involves the body plumage, the tertiaries, most of 

 the wing coverts and the tail, leaving often only the brown and 

 worn primaries, their coverts and the secondaries. 



Above, including sides of the head and neck, wing coverts, tertiaries and tail, 

 black the body feathers with broad buff or wood-brown edgings, the coverts 

 and tertiaries tipped with white, the three outer rectrices with large white 

 terminal spots. The throat has a large geranium-red or pale crimson patch 

 extending into the chin and down the middle] of the throat. Less vigorous 

 individuals may assume a body plumage largely veiled with brown, a small 

 area of crimson, and only stray rectrices or wing coverts here and there are 

 replaced by black ones. 



The individual variation is great and all sorts of mixed 

 plumages may be seen, the brown, w^orn wings and other left- 

 over feathers showing such specimens to be young birds. 



5. Adult Winter Plumage acquired by a complete post- 

 nuptial moult early in August. Easily distinguishable from first 

 winter dress by the jet black wings and tail. Adults are less 

 veiled, the brown deeper and the carmine more extensive often cov- 

 ering the whole throat and breast and invading the abdomen and 

 the crown. A few black spots laterally replace the streaking of 

 the young bird. The wing edgings are whiter than those of the 

 first winter dress. Young and old become practically indistin- 

 guishable except that some of the less vigorous individuals may 

 be deficient in depth of color. 



Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci., XIII, Oct. i, 1900 — 14. 



