222 DWIGHT 



6. Adult Nuptial Plumage acquired by a partial prenuptial 

 moult which involves the same body areas as in the young bird 

 from which easily distinguishable by the completely black wings. 

 The greater wing coverts are not renewed as at the first prenup- 

 tial moult. The tails show some wear as compared with those 

 of young birds. The vermilion body plumage will probably 

 average deeper. 



Female. — The plumages and moults of the female apparently 

 correspond to those of the male, but the color is greenish at all 

 seasons. In natal down and juvenal plumage the sexes are indis- 

 tinguishable. In first winter plumage the female is greener with 

 less yellow and duller than the male and without black wing 

 coverts. The first nuptial plumage is yellowish and so fresh that 

 a prenuptial moult is indicated, probably more limited than that 

 of the male. At the postnuptial moult an orange tinged adult 

 winter plumage is acquired and sometimes black wing coverts 

 appear, seen in the adult nuptial plumage in which only the body 

 feathers are renewed by a limited prenuptial moult. . 



Piranga rubra (Linn.). Summer Taxager 



1. Natal Down. No specimen seen. 



2. Juvenal Plumage acquired by a complete postnatal moult. 



Above, ruddy or yellow tinged sepia-brown with darker edgings and feather centres 

 producing a faintly streaked appearance. Wings deep olive-brown with olive- 

 yellow or greenish edgings, usually reddish tinged on the outer primaries, the 

 coverts duller, the tertiaries paler. Tail bright olive-green or olive-yellow often 

 reddish tinged basally, the shafts sepia-brown. Below, dull white tinged with 

 sulphur-yellow on abdomen and crissum, distinctly and broadly streaked on the 

 throat, breast and sides with deep olive-brown. Bill and feet pinkish buff be- 

 coming dusky clay-color, the feet darker. 



3. First Winter Plumage acquired by a partial postjuvenal 

 moult beginning in the South early in July which involves the 

 body plumage and the wing coverts but not the rest of the wings 

 nor the tail. 



Unlike previous plumage, unstreaked. Above pale olive-green with a strong orange 

 tinge, reddish in many specimens. Below chrome-yellow often strongly tinged 

 with orange especially on the crissum and "edge of the wings." The wing 

 coverts are edged with olive-green strongly tinged with yellow or orange accord- 

 ing to individual vitality. The orbital ring is usually chrome-yellow or paler. 



