PASSERINE BIRDS OF NEW YORK 235 



maries, secondaries and primary coverts, the lesser coverts plumbeous, white 

 tips to the new^ tertiaries and white terminal spots on the lateral rectrices. Be- 

 low, dull white with dusky vermiculations sometimes faintly indicated. A 

 broad, black bar through the eye. 



4. First Nuptial Plumage acquired by a partial prenuptial 

 moult in February and March, which involv^es chiefly the chin, 

 throat and head, and a few scattering feathers elsewhere, but 

 neither the wings nor the tail. The whiter throat is the most 

 marked change produced. The wings and tail have become 

 brownish and show considerable wear. 



5. Adult Winter Plumage acquired by a complete post- 

 nuptial moult in September. Practically indistinguishable from 

 the first winter dress, but the wings and tail will average blacker. 



6. Adult Nuptial Plumage acquired by a partial prenuptial 

 moult as in the young bird. 



Female. — The sexes are practically alike in all plumages, but 

 the black bar through the eye is usually duller in females, and 

 brownish until renewed at the first prenuptial moult. 



VIREONID^. 



The Vireos all have a single annual moult, and in arboreal 

 species suffer very little from wear. V. noveboraceiisis is peculiar 

 in having a complete postjuvenal moult, although I am not sure 

 this occurs in all specimens. Young birds become practically 

 indistinguishable from adults at the postjuvenal moult although 

 they do not assume adult wings and tail as a rule until the first 

 postnuptial. 



Vireo olivaceus (Linn.). Red-eyed Vireo 



1. Natal Down. Pale drab-gray. 



2. Juvenal Plumage acquired by a complete postnatal moult. 



Above, including lesser wing coverts, drab. Wings and tail olive-brown, edged 

 with bright olive-green, brightest on the secondaries and tertiaries. Below, 

 silky white, faintly tinged on the sides and crissum with primrose-yellow. 

 Superciliary stripe dull white ; lores and postocular streak dusky. Bill and 

 feet pinkish buff, becoming slaty. Iris walnut-brown. 



