284 DWIGHT 



The replacement of the ju venal plumage of this species has 

 been minutely traced by Palmer, '94, and his conclusions are 

 supported by the material I have at hand. Like many other 

 species popularly supposed to require several years for the at- 

 tainment of adult plumage, the male Hooded Warbler within 

 a few weeks assumes a dress differing very little from the adult. 

 Any specimens with partly black " hoods " labelled in collections 

 as males have been incorrectly sexed. It seems to me the yel- 

 low deepens as the layers of growing feathers are superimposed 

 rather than there being an actual deepening of color in the later 

 bred birds as suggested by Mr. Palmer. 



4. First Nuptial Plumage acquired by wear which is not 

 very obvious, the black areas losing the veiling yellow tips. 

 The olive-green above becomes grayer and wear brings into 

 prominence a slight grayish collar bordering the black " hood." 



5. Adult Winter Plumage acquired by a complete post- 

 nuptial moult the last cf June and in July. In some cases 

 scarcely distinguishable from the first winter but usually the 

 yellow edgings are absent or very obscure. The black occu- 

 pies the whole chin up to its apex and the yellow below is 

 richer. 



6. Adult Nuptial Plumage acquired by wear as in the 

 young bird, from which it is usually indistinguishable. The 

 black feathers of the adult winter plumage are more resistant to 

 wear than the yellow-tipped ones of the first winter, the barbs 

 of which will be found broken off near the black basal portion. 



Female. — The plumages and moults correspond to those of 

 the male, from which indistinguishable until the first winter 

 plumage is assumed. This lacks the black of the male and is 

 uniform olive-green above and lemon-yellow below, occasion- 

 ally one or two black feathers being assumed on the crown. 

 The first nuptial plumage acquired by wear is, of course, plain 

 olive-green and yellow. The adult winter plumage assumed by 

 a complete moult shows a variable amount of black about the 

 head and throat. How much of the black is due to individual 

 vigor and how much to successive postnuptial moults is a ques- 



