PASSERINE BIRDS OF NEW YORK 293 



5. Adult Winter Plumage acquired by a complete post- 

 nuptial moult in July and August. Practically indistinguishable 

 from first winter, the colors averaging darker, noticeable in the 

 edgings of the tips of the tertiaries and in the wings and tail. 



6. Adult Nuptial Plumage acquired by wear as in the 

 young bird. 



Female. — The sexes are practically indistinguishable, and the 

 moults correspond. 



Thryothorus ludovicianus (Lath.). Carolina Wren 



1. Natal Down. No specimen seen. 



2. Juvenal Plumage acquired by a complete postnatal moult. 



Above, including wings and tail, deep russet or cinnamon-rufous, the crown darker, 

 owing to faint dusky tips, the feathers whitish along their shafts ; wings and 

 tail with narrow dusky barring, the coverts, chiefly the lesser, buff tipped. 

 Below, dull white, washed on the throat, sides, flanks and crissum with cinna- 

 mon tinged with wood-brown, the chin, submalar and auricular regions faintly 

 flecked or barred with dull black. Broad superciliary line dull white bordered 

 with dull black ; postorbital stripe deep russet. Bill and feet pinkish buff be- 

 coming dusky. 



3. First Winter Plumage acquired by a partial postjuvenal 

 moult, in September, which involves the body plumage, wing 

 coverts and tail, but not the rest of the wings, young and old 

 becoming practically indistinguishable. 



Similar to previous plumage, but darker. A rich chestnut or Vandyke- brown. Above, 

 the wing coverts with whitish terminal spots. Below^ deep cinnamon, except the 

 chin, lores, sides of head and superciliary lines which are nearly white ; the 

 crissum with decided black bars. The tail darker than the juvenal and barred 

 more irregularly. 



4. First Nuptial Plumage acquired by wear, the bird be- 

 coming rather paler, especially below, and ragged later. 



5. Adult Winter Plumage acquired by a complete post- 

 nuptial moult in August and September. Practically indistin- 

 guishable from first winter. 



6. Adult Nuptial Plumage acquired by wear as in the 

 young bird. 



Female. — The sexes are practically indistinguishable, and the 

 moults correspond. 



