302 DWIGHT 



5. Adult Winter Plumage acquired by a complete post- 

 nuptial moult, in the South in August. Practically indistin- 

 guishable from first winter dress, the wing edgings perhaps 

 richer and darker on an average. 



6. Adult Nuptial Plumage acquired by wear as in the 

 young bird. 



Female. — The plumages and moults correspond, the sexes 

 usually indistinguishable, although the female will average 

 browner and the frontal black patch brownish and duller. 



Parus atricapillus Linn. Chickadee 



1. Natal Down. Pale mouse-gray. 



2. Juvenal Plumage acquired by a complete postnatal moult. 



Above, mouse-gray ; the pileum, chin and throat dull black. Wings and tail dull 

 slate-gray edged with dull or ashy white, the primary coverts v^^ith olive-gray. 

 Below (except chin and throat), dull white, washed on the sides and crissum 

 with pale pinkish bufif ; lores, suborbital region, auriculars and sides of neck 

 pure white. Bill and feet pinkish bufif, the bill becoming slate-black, the feet 

 grayish clove brown. 



3. First Winter Plumage acquired by a partial postju venal 

 moult, beginning after the middle of July, which involves the 

 body plumage and wing coverts, but not the rest of the wings 

 nor the tail, young and old becoming practically indistinguish- 

 able. 



Similar to previous plumage except that the flanks and crissum are strongly washed 

 with pale pinkish wood-brown, which also tinges the back, and the posterior 

 black, throat feathers are more veiled with white edgings. The pileum is of a 

 deeper black which extends further on the hind neck. 



4. First Nuptial Plumage acquired by wear, through 

 which the brownish wash fades to pinkish buff, like the juvenal 

 dress, as early as March, and by June is nearly all lost. The 

 wing edgings are considerably diminished by abrasion. The 

 plumage above is grayer. 



5. Adult Winter Plumage acquired by a complete post- 

 nuptial moult in July and August. Practically indistinguish- 

 able from first winter dress, possibly grayer. 



