THE SECTION AT SCHOHARIE, N. Y. 365 



The upper portion of No. i is shown at the entrance to Howe's 

 cave, and at the grinding mill as well as in an excavation near by 

 once occupied by a kiln. The middle portion for about 6' is 

 concealed, while the lower portion is exposed at the tunnel. The 

 flaggy layers are from 6" to i' thick and hard, yielding a good 

 building stone, which was used in the older part of the Cave 

 hotel. The greater part of the mass, however, is made up of 

 layers from one to two inches thick, separated by lamina; of 

 shale. The rock weathers light gray with trace of blue, but is 

 brownish gray on the fresh surface. The " blue rock " is evi- 

 dently a hydraulic limestone, light blue in color, with irregular 

 fracture and too calcareous for cement. The *' cement rock," 

 which forms the base of the mass, varies little from 6' and is in 

 three layers. It is darker than the last, more ragged in fracture 

 and is the cement rock of the works in Ulster and Schoharie 

 counties. 



At Howe's cave, calcite occurs in little patches between the 

 "Blue" and "Cement," sometimes in sufficient quantity to be 

 annoying. Near Schoharie, it has been obtained at Clarke's 

 cave as well as near the Table rock, both on the west side of the 

 river. Near the latter locality, strontianite is associated with the 

 calcite. Several tons of the former mineral were shipped, but 

 the deposit did not prove to be of economic importance as the 

 streaks are too variable. No attempt has been made at Scho- 

 harie to utilize the rock in the manufacture of cement, though 

 the character is apparently the same as at Howe's cave, where 

 preparations are making for an output of 2,000 barrels per diem. 



While the color and composition of the rock prove a decided 

 change in physical conditions from those prevailing during the 

 Niagara, still that change must have been comparatively unim- 

 portant, since it did not suffice to cause local destruction of the 

 fauna. At Howe's cave, F.ivosites niagarensis passes upward 

 from the Coralline and persists in the lower three feet of the 

 " cement," being so abundant in some of the headings as to unfit 

 the rock for use. According to Professor Hall, Halysitcs catenn- 

 laria passes from Niagara to Waterlime in Herkimer county. At 

 Schoharie, Mr. W. D. Gebhard has obtained some of his best 



