6o 



VARIATION IN I.^PTIN0TARSA. 



this are designated according to the areas and segments thus : First segment, 

 / OS, I ms, I is on the right side, and i os' , i fns\ i is' on the left side ; 

 second segment, 2 os, 2 ms, 2 is, and 2 os', 2 ms' , 2 is' ; third segment, j os, 

 S ms, J is, and j os', j ms' , j is'. 



In the account of the special color characters use will be made of formulae to 

 represent given conditions. Thus the formula for the pronotum of text-fig. i 

 would be/', e', d', c' , b' , a'; a, b, c, d-\-e, —, where the sign plus indicates 



Pig. \.—L. decenilincala. To show the areas of cuticula color which iu this genus enter into the forma- 

 tion of the color pattern, z', eye; g\ left anterior lateral epicranial spot; h\ left posterior lateral 

 epicranial spot; a', left inner tergals (united): b' and d\ left middle tergals ; c and e^ right outer 

 tergals ; /and /', spots arising from the division of the posterior half of the middle tergals ; s. cos i 

 and J. cos 2, ou er and inner subcostal stripes ; ra, ramous stripe ; ni, medius stripe ; cu + c, cubitus 

 and anal stripes fused. (The two last stripes were wanting in the specimen drawn, but their position 

 is indicated ) 



Fig. 2.—L. decemlineata. To show the elements of the color pattern formed by the cuticula pigment 

 on the ventral surface, especiallj' on the abdominal surface, os, outer sternal areas ; ms, middle 

 sternal areas ; is, inner .sternal areas. 



fusion of spots and the sign minus absence of spots 

 the formula for the ventral abdominal surface is : 



while for text-fig. 2 



1. 



os' 



ms' , is' ; is. 



ms, OS. 



2. 



os' 



ms' , is' ; is. 



ms, OS. 



3- 



OS' 



ms\ is' ; is. 



ms, OS. 



4- 



OS' 



ms', is' ; is, 



ms, OS. 



5- 



OS' 



H- ms' -f is' 



; is -f ms 



OS. 



General color characters : 



{a) Melanism, or the tendency to a dark color exhibited in relation 

 either to geographical distribution or to environmental changes. 

 {b) Albinism, or the tendency opposite to melanism. 

 r<r) Xanthism, or the racial tendency toward a yellowish condition. 

 id) Rufism, or a racial tendency toward a reddish condition. 

 (<f) Metallicism, or a racial tendency toward a metallic coloration. 



