ONTOGENY OF ADUIvT COI.OR PATTERNS. 153 



each other and also with h and h^ (fig. 14), so that the epicranium has a very 

 considerable portion of its surface black. On the pronotum a and a' fuse 

 posteriorly with each other to form the usual V-shaped marking, and ante- 

 riorly with b and &', while on either side e and / fuse with each other (fig. 14). 

 The changes in the color of the cuticula pigments from a faint yellowish- 

 brown through brown, deep brown, and opaque brown which appears black, 

 are shown on the plate and are the ontological series of changes usual with 

 colors of this class. 



During the development of the cuticula color of the epicranium and prono- 

 tum the hypodermal color changes little, and the insect emerges as an imago 

 with the pale yellow-white tint shown in figs. 9 to 12. Neither does the 

 hypodermal color change to any extent during the life of the adult, excepting 

 in the latter part, when it becomes white. 



For the purpose of comparison, the development of the color pattern of 

 the pronotum and epicranium of midtitceniata is shown on plate 18 in figs. 

 15 to 20. In this series the figures show, as far as the cuticula colors are con- 

 cerned, the same order of appearance of spots and increase in size and the 

 same directions of fusion between the elementary centers as those found in 

 undecimlineata. We note a change in the hypodermal color, however, in that 

 there has been a slight development of a yellowish tinge ; and after the insect 

 leaves the ground and begins to feed this color appears rapidly, soon attain- 

 ing the intensity characteristic of the sexually mature beetle (fig. 20). In 

 this feature mtiltitmnafa shows a higher or more advanced degree of devel- 

 opment than that found in undecimlineata. In other respects the type of 

 ontogenetic development found in both species is, as far as the cuticula colors 

 are concerned, the same as that found in all of the line at a group. In the 

 development of the color on the epicranium and pronotum of melanothorax 

 (pi. 18, figs. 21 to 26), there are some features of interest. Comparison of 

 figs. 21 and 22 of melanothorax with figs. 9, 10, and 11 of undecimlineata 

 shows little difference between the two species, excepting that melanothorax 

 has crowded as much into two stages SiSiindecimlineata has in three ; or rather, 

 melanothorax has pushed back to an earlier period in ontogeny the appear- 

 ance of certain spots. In figs. 23 and 24 of melanothorax a difference begins 

 to appear in that on the anterior border of the pronotum the anterior end of a, 

 together with b and c, become involved in a general band-like fusion, and the 

 same takes place on the posterior end with a and d and e ; thus are formed the 

 anterior and posterior bands, which spread rapidly (fig. 24) and fuse until 

 they finally cover the entire pronotum (fig. 25) excepting a narrovv margin, 

 which is also soon obliterated (fig. 26). 



The cuticula colors in these three species, especially those upon the prono- 

 tum, have the same color centers as those which appear in the ontogeny of the 

 larval colors, and they follow the same course of development. There are dis- 



