1873-1874 ] 35 



of Cuthwin. We find this form abundantly in the names of places 

 in England, and especially in those parts occupied by the Saxons. 

 Thus Bevington, Ellington, Bellingham, &c, are names of places 

 formed from the names of their ancient occupants, names of places 

 which furnished afterwards new appellations to other inhabitants. 



Another mode was that by which descent from an ancestor was 

 indicated by the termination "son." This method was that which 

 prevailed amongst the Northmen, the Dutch, and those invaders 

 of England in the 5th century who came from the North of 

 Germany. * The Angles, who were ot this class, and who formed 

 settlements in the north of England, probably used this form of 

 surname most frequently. Among the Saxons of the south it 

 was rare, if used at all. In a list of captains of merchant vessels 

 trading in the year 141 7, between the south-east coast of England 

 and Normandy, I find, among over ninety names, but two ending 

 in " son," the majority of the remainder are formed either from 

 the names of places or from occupations : e.g., Mountfort, Alulton, 

 Stanley, Wyllaby, Leycestre, Dalton, &c; Miller, Clerk, Fauconer, 

 Taillour, Wryght, Baker, Osteler, Beermann, Fyssher, &c. 



In a list of about 120 Dutch captains of the same period, over 

 three-fourths have the termination in "son." Another termina- 

 tion in use among the Low-German invaders of England was 

 " man," e.g., Freeman, Richemau, Bowman, &c, this form of 

 name is abundant still in Friesland. The Normans, who seem to 

 have originated surnames in England, had a large influence upon 

 the form of those which became prevalent. Territorial names or 

 designations from the paternal estate were first used by them, and 

 soon became very common among the Anglo-Saxons. Names 

 formed from trades and offices with the prefix " le " seemed to have 

 been first used by the Norman invaders in the nth century. Cam- 

 den remarks that there is not a single village in Normandy that has 



*Worsaae says that the termination "son" is peculiar to the Scandinavians, 

 and it is probable that this termination, in the north and east, of England, is to 

 be traced entirely to their influence. 



