3° [Proc. B.N.F.C, 



Europe, from Constantinople to the Shannon, and from Gibraltar 

 to Archangel, have left no insignificant token of their presence in 

 the Lowlands, as well as along the shores and in the isles of Scot- 

 land. Putting Sutherland and the Orkneys out of the question, 

 which were almost entirely Norwegian, we find abundant evidence of 

 the Norsemen, both on the coast and in the interior of the country. 

 In Dumfrieshire, for instance, and in Kirkcudbright and Wigton, 

 we find a considerable number of names ending in the Norse suf- 

 fixes, by, garth, beck, thwaite ; we have also the usual insular coast 

 terminations and affixes in ey, ness, scar, &c. The places called 

 Bore, Boreland (a common surname in this county), Tungland, 

 and Tinwald, are all pure Norse. 



The Norse influence on the nomenclature was, perhaps, equalled 

 by their influence on the population. The Norse personal names 

 in use among the ancient inhabitants would seem to express a 

 mixture of blood. The Saxon and Norman names in the Low- 

 lands are to be accounted for by immigrations from the south. 



Malcolm III. (1093), or Malcolm Canmore, as he was called, 

 who had married a daughter of Edward the Confessor, had strong 

 English leanings, and invited many of the discontented Saxon nobles 

 at the time of the Norman conquest, to take up their residence in 

 his kingdom, giving them a home and lands. His successors, some 

 of them brought up at the English court, or connected with it by 

 marriage, favoured in like manner the settlement of Anglo-Normans 

 in Scotland ; all the high officers of state at this time, as we learn 

 from old chartularies, were southern strangers. Hence the Saxon 

 and Norman names of places, which afterwards in several instances 

 gave rise to distinguished surnames ; e.g., Maxwell, written in ancient 

 records Maccusville, Maccuston ; Richardtun (called after a 

 Richard Waleys (or foreigner), an ancestor of the great Wallace) ; 

 Maleville, or Melville, in Lothian, called after the Norman ancestor 

 of the Maule family ; Seton, from a Norman adventurer Say ; 

 Tankerton in Clydesdale was the fief of Tancard, a Fleming who 

 came into Scotland in the reign of Malcolm IV. ; and a few village 

 names like Ingleston, Normanton, and Flemington, afford further 



