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was granted to John de Courcy ; the large district of Cork was 

 granted to Miles de Cogan. and Robert Fitz Stephens; Con- 

 naught was given to William de Burgo. The territory of the 

 de Lacys finally, through marriage and descent, became the property 

 of the Duke of York, and finally vested in the Crown. The earl- 

 dom of Leinster, through fault of male issue, became the property 

 of several persons, some of whose descendants, as the present Vis- 

 count de Vesci, still live. The lordship of Ulster, granted to 

 Hugh de Lacy on the attainder of de Courcy, passed by inherit- 

 ance into the hands of the de Burgos, and finally through Richard, 

 Duke of York, merged into the Crown. Connaught became also 

 vested in the Crown through inheritance. _ The kingdom of Cork 

 ultimately formed the great estates of the southern or Desmond 

 Geraldines (Fitz Geralds). 



The great grantees of the Crown in their turn re-granted the 

 lands under certain conditions to subordinate vassals, and thus a 

 great portion of the country was brought under Norman rule 

 But the remarkable point in this conquest was that the Celtic 

 population was not driven back upon any one portion of the king- 

 dom, but remained as it was, interpolated among the new arrivals. 

 The distribution of the two populations was much as follows — 

 the Normans occupied, in considerable force, the counties of 

 Antrim and Down in Ulster ; in Leinster the counties of Louth, 

 Meath, Dublin, Kildare, and the greater portion of Westmeath. 

 They held, also, the King's and Queen's Counties, Carlow, Kil- 

 kenny, Wexford, the eastern part of Tipperary, and the eastern 

 part of Munster. They occupied Limerick and the adjoining 

 district. In Connaught the de Burgos held sway. 



On the other hand, the residue of Ulster was occupied by the 

 O'Neills, O'Donels, O'Farrells, O'Reillys, and O'Rorkes, and 

 subordinate tribes. The Irish, however, although thus interpolated, 

 possessed no definite legal rights, and were looked upon still as 

 alien ; with the exception of the five bloods, as they were called, 

 none of the Irish septs enjoyed the privilege of English law, these 

 were The O'Neill, O'Molaghlin, O'Connor, O'Brien, and Mac 

 Murrough. We find from this time forth names of Saxon and 



