500 [Proc. BN.F.C, 



on one side only, and an occasional palseolith. A brief 

 description was given of the site of a manufactory of stone im- 

 plements on the banks of the Vaal River, near Kimberley, 

 discovered by the lecturer, where he found weapons and im- 

 plements of the true palseolithic type, and this site revealed 

 also the strange fact of neolithic forms being found with them 

 made of the sam,e material and apparently at the same time. 

 The rejects, with the cores and flakes, proved that it was a 

 manufactory, perhaps of the transition period — a period very 

 difficult to find in Europe — between the older and newer stone 

 ages. Mr. J. P. Johnson, of Johannesburg, had traced for long 

 distances along the A'^aal River both higher and lower terraces, 

 and he believes the association of typical palgeolithic imple- 

 ments with the upper terrace proves the palgeolithic period in 

 South Africa to be indeed ancient. A collection of pigmy 

 implements from Pinel and Windsorton, on the Vaal River, was 

 naxt dealt with. These are very small, some being less than 

 half an inch in length and one-eighth in breadth. TwO' 

 specimens have the unique feature of ground and polished 

 ends — one a rounded point and the other chisel-shaped. The 

 South African implements comprise the essential forms — the 

 crescent-shaped, triangular, rhomboidal — well known in other 

 countries, such as the Vindhya Hills in India, Helonan in 

 Egypt, and Scunthorpe in England. What their use was is still 

 a puzzle, but their presence in South Africa is another link in 

 the kinship of the early inhabitants of the country with the 

 primitive races of other lands. Pigmy implements were also 

 found at Hillside, Buluwayo, made out of material at hand. 

 Very small borers were made from flakes of quartz, and some of 

 the crescent-shaped implements from cornelian. Still going 

 northwards, the remains of early man are now found along the 

 banks of the River Zambesi. Perhaps the most interesting 

 part of the exhibit was a collection of palaeolithic implements 

 from one of the headlands below the Victoria Falls. They 

 were found in a gravel deposit where the basalt meets what is 

 called the " desert sands." Made chiefly of chalcedony, they 

 have a brilliant glaze, and some are well water-worn. The 



