12 

 Ko.iic Acid 



The inhibitory effect of some tyrosine-3-hydroxylase inhibitors of 

 microbial origins such as aquayamycin, chrothiomycin, and oudenone on PPO 

 activity has been studied (Ayukawa et al., 1968, 1969; Nagatsu et al., 

 1968; Sezaki et al . , 1968; Umezawa et al . , 1970). Kojic acid (5-hydroxy- 

 2-hydroxymethyl-7-pyrone) (Figure 2) produced in the culture filtrate of 

 Aspergillus albus was shown in vitro to inhibit the activity of mushroom 

 tyrosinase using DOPA and tyrosine as substrates (Saruno et al . , 1979). 

 At low concentration, kojic acid was found to inhibit the in vitro 

 oxidation of a number of D-amino acids, L-phenylalanine and a few related 

 compounds (Bajpai et al., 1981). Production of kojic acid, generally 

 considered as a secondary metabolite from carbohydrate metabolism under 

 aerobic conditions, has been extensively studied (Bajpai et al . , 1981, 

 1982a, 1982b; Morton et al . , 1945; Saruno et al . , 1979). Although kojic 

 acid can be considered a potential candidate to inhibit melanosis, the use 

 of this chemical, depends not only on its production but also its ' 

 potential toxicity to humans. 



# 



Supercritic al fluid (SCF) Treatment 



Intensive study of supercritical fluids for extraction of food ' 

 components has mostly concentrated on decaffeination, deodorization, aroma 

 recovery, oil recovery, oil refining, and fractionation (Bulley et al., 

 1984; Christianson et al . , 1984; Friedrich and Pryde, 1984; Lee et al . , 

 1986; Haddocks and Gibson, 1977; Peter and Brunner, 1978; Snyder et al . , 

 1984; Schultz et al . , 1967; Stahl et al . , 1978, 1980, 1984; Taniguchi et 

 al., 1985; Vollbrecht, 1982; Zosel , 1979, 1981). Modified atmospheres 



