202 GARRISON. 



Oxyuris in autopsies done at Kiel, and Banik reported 30.16 per cent found in 

 315 autopsies at Munich. Muller, however, found only 2.21 per cent in 1,939 

 autopsies at Dresden and 12.13 per cent in 1,755 autopsies at Erlangen. 



This parasite is directly transmissable from one person to another by 

 means of the freshly deposited ova in the faeces, thus making it a simple 

 matter for one person to spread the infection among those in intimate 

 personal association with him. The chief significance of our figures for 

 Oxyuris (23 cases, 0.8 per cent) probably lies in the fact that they are 

 a favorable commentary upon the sanitary condition of the prison and 

 also, perhaps, upon the personal cleanliness of the Filipino of the lower 

 classes; for it might naturally be expected that when from 200 to 400 

 men sleep side by side in close proximity as the natives do at Bilibid, 

 favorable conditions would arise for the spread of pinworm infection if 

 once it was introduced. 11 Although the microscopic examination of 

 fasces is unreliable for the diagnosis of oxyuriasis, more eases would 

 undoubtedly have been found had there been any widespread prevalence 

 of the infection in the prison population. 



It would appear that Oxyuris, like Ascaris, tends to occur more fre- 

 quently in children than in adults and (to a less degree) in women than 

 in men, the figures compiled from different authors being as follows: 

 Males examined, 1,543; infected, 178, or 11.54 per cent; females exam- 

 ined, 810; infected, 115, or 14.20 per cent; adults (over 15 years) 

 examined, 860; infected, 39, or 4.54 per cent; children (under 15 years) 

 examined, 1,272; infected, 305, or 23.97 per cent. 12 



Our figures (0.8 per cent) for adult males may safely be presumed to 

 be below the percentage of infection in the total population of the 

 Philippines. 



INFECTIONS WITH T^NIA. 

 (0.7 per cent.) 



Bather well-defined distinctions are given between the ova of Tcenia 

 saginata and Tcenia solium, but we do not consider them to be sufficiently 

 constant and well marked to make a differential diagnosis between 

 the two species practical from a microscopic examination of the ova 

 alone in the general run of cases. Therefore, the distinction was not 

 attempted unless segments of the worms were obtained. As has been 



u As an example of the tendency of Oxyuris infection to spread among persons 

 in intimate contact, we may cite the case of a single ward in a hospital for the 

 insane, which came under our observation in the United States. Of the 45 men 

 in the ward, 11, or 24.44 per cent, were infected with pin worms; five other 

 wards in the same building gave 1, 2, 0, 2, and 1 infections, respectively. 



In the remaining 36 wards in other buildings (796 patients) there were only 

 8 infections with this parasite. Bull. 3yg. Lai., V. 8. Pub. Health & Mar.-Hosp. 

 Serv., Wash. (1906), 28, 56, 61. 



"Bull. Hyg. Lab., U. S. Pub. Health & Mar.-Hosp. Serv., Wash. (1906), 

 28, 71-72. 



